Thermochemical Conversion of Napier Grass for Production of Renewable Syngas

Said, Mohamad Syazarudin Md; Ghani, Wan Azlina Wan Ab Karim; Boon, Tan Hong; Hussain, Siti Aslina; Ng, Denny K. S.

doi:10.3390/pr7100705

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Moisture content was similar at 30, 60, and 90 d (p > 0.05; Table 1) and difference was only observed at 120 d (p ≤ 0.05), which showed the lowest moisture content. The calorific value in the present experiment ranged from 14.9 to 15.1 MJ kg -1 , which was lower than that reported by Said et al (2019) who found 16.7 MJ kg -1 in Napier grass (C. purpureus). Likewise, Karampinis et al (2012) reported 18.7 MJ kg -1 in miscanthus (Miscanthus giganteus).…”

Section: Calorific Value and Moisture Contentcontrasting

confidence: 89%

CUTTING FREQUENCY IN CAYMAN GRASS (Urochloa HYBRID) ON THE CALORIFIC POWER OF THE MEXICAN WET TROPIC

Ríos¹,

Rojas-García²,

Barrera-Martínez³

et al. 2023

agro

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cutting frequency in Cayman grass (Urochloa HYBRID) on biomass yield, moisture, ash, ethereal extract, neutral detergent fiber (FDN), acid detergent fiber (FDA), acid detergent lignin (LDA), crude protein (PC), calorific value, and theoretical bioethanol yield. Four cutting frequencies were established as treatments: 30, 60, 90, and 120 d, arranged in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Data were analyzed with GLM (SAS), and means were compared with the Tukey test (p ≤ 0.05). The highest biomass production (11.9 Mg ha-1 year-1), calorific value (15.1 MJ kg-1), and LDA (5.7 %) were obtained at the 120 d cutting frequency. The concentration of FDN (61.8 %), FDA (43.6 %), cellulose (38.1 %), and theoretical bioethanol production (218.4 L Mg-1 MS) were statistically different at the cutting frequency of 90 d. The values of hemicellulose (18. 7 %) and ethereal extract (1.8 %) were statistically different at the 60 d-cutting frequency; while PC (9.7 %) and ash (11.8 %) showed significant differences at the 30-d cutting frequency. Based on the biomass yield and calorific value of Cayman grass, it can be considered as a potential plant material for cellulosic ethanol production.

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Section: Calorific Value and Moisture Contentcontrasting

confidence: 89%

CUTTING FREQUENCY IN CAYMAN GRASS (Urochloa HYBRID) ON THE CALORIFIC POWER OF THE MEXICAN WET TROPIC

Ríos¹,

Rojas-García²,

Barrera-Martínez³

et al. 2023

agro

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“…In this work, the pyrolysis reaction scheme, as shown in Equation (1), was proposed as the decomposition of biomass, producing solid char, liquid products (H 2 where x, y and z are mole ratios of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen which give the chemical formula for the biomass and their values are listed in Table 1 for various biomass precursors used in the present study. Symbols a to q represent the stoichiometric numbers of the products produced from the pyrolysis process.…”

Section: Simulation Of the Pyrolysis Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Symbols a to q represent the stoichiometric numbers of the products produced from the pyrolysis process. The rate of biomass decomposition is assumed to follow the first-order rate expression, as shown in Equation (2).…”

Section: Simulation Of the Pyrolysis Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As an energy source, biomass can be generally converted to biofuels by two possible routes, namely, fermentation and thermal decomposition. Based on the end-products required, thermal decomposition can be classified into direct combustion, gasification and pyrolysis [1][2][3].Pyrolysis is the thermal degradation of biomass by heat in the absence of oxygen that results in the production of charcoal (solid), bio-oil (liquid) and gas products comprising mainly of CO 2 , CO, H 2 and CH 4 . Generally, pyrolysis process operates in the temperatures ranging from 280 to 850 • C with different heating rates and residence times and can be classified into three subclasses: Conventional pyrolysis, fast pyrolysis, and flash pyrolysis.Conventional pyrolysis may also be termed "slow pyrolysis".…”

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Simulation of Batch Slow Pyrolysis of Biomass Materials Using the Process-Flow-Diagram COCO Simulator

2019

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The commercial COCO simulation program was used to mimic the experimental slow pyrolysis process of five different biomasses based on thermodynamic consideration. The program generated the optimum set of reaction kinetic parameters and reaction stoichiometric numbers that best described the experimental yields of solid, liquid and gas products. It was found that the simulation scheme could predict the product yields over the temperature range from 300 to 800 • C with reasonable accuracy of less than 10% average error. An attempt was made to generalize the biomass pyrolysis behavior by dividing the five biomasses into two groups based on the single-peak and two-peak characteristics of the DTG (derivative thermogravimetry) curves. It was found that this approximate approach was able to predict the product yields reasonably well. The proposed simulation method was extended to the analysis of slow pyrolysis results derived from previous investigations. The results obtained showed that the prediction errors of product yields were relatively large, being 12.3%, 10.6%, and 27.5% for the solid, liquid, and gas products, respectively, possibly caused by differing pyrolysis conditions from those used in the simulation. The prediction of gas product compositions by the simulation program was reasonably satisfactory, but was less accurate for predicting the compositions of liquid products analyzed in forms of hydrocarbons, aromatics and oxygenated fractions. In addition, information on the kinetics of thermal decomposition of biomass in terms of the variation of fractional conversion with time was also derived as a function of temperature and biomass type.Processes 2019, 7, 775 2 of 20 applications without substantial pretreatment. As an energy source, biomass can be generally converted to biofuels by two possible routes, namely, fermentation and thermal decomposition. Based on the end-products required, thermal decomposition can be classified into direct combustion, gasification and pyrolysis [1][2][3].Pyrolysis is the thermal degradation of biomass by heat in the absence of oxygen that results in the production of charcoal (solid), bio-oil (liquid) and gas products comprising mainly of CO 2 , CO, H 2 and CH 4 . Generally, pyrolysis process operates in the temperatures ranging from 280 to 850 • C with different heating rates and residence times and can be classified into three subclasses: Conventional pyrolysis, fast pyrolysis, and flash pyrolysis.Conventional pyrolysis may also be termed "slow pyrolysis". This type of pyrolysis has been mainly used for the production of charcoal. Slow pyrolysis is characterized by the slow heating rate (less than 10 • C/s) and long residence times of gas and solids with the temperature being around 450 • C [1]. The release of vapor products does not occur as rapidly as in the fast pyrolysis. Thus, components in the vapor phase continue to react with each other, resulting in the formation of char and additional liquids.Fast pyrolysis is a high-temperature process in which biomass is rapidly...

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Assessment of self‐heating and spontaneous combustion of Napier grass using thermogravimetric analysis

Kunalan,

Wan Ab Karim Ghani,

Mohd Tohir

et al. 2023

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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Napier grass is a potential solid biofuel that can be used as a renewable energy resource. Nevertheless, its tendency for self‐heating and the subsequent self‐ignition remain unknown, which are common problems in solid fuel. In this work, thermal decomposition characteristics of Napier grass in air and inert conditions were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and the pertinent kinetic parameters were established using model‐free methods. The average activation energy of Napier grass thermal decomposition is 285 and 382 kJ/mol under oxidative and inert conditions, respectively. The linear plot obtained through model‐free methods shows a high linear correlation coefficient at conversion ranges of 0.2–0.7 during combustion and 0.4–0.6 during pyrolysis. The ignition and burnout temperatures were evaluated, and ignition index of Napier grass was established. Average ignition temperature obtained for air was 217°C while 200°C for inert condition. The burnout temperatures between 691 and 984°C were observed. This research facilitates in understanding fire threat posed by tendency of Napier grass to self‐heat and provides valuable information for safe conditions of Napier grass storage and transportation.

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Thermochemical Conversion of Napier Grass for Production of Renewable Syngas

Cited by 15 publications

References 39 publications

CUTTING FREQUENCY IN CAYMAN GRASS (Urochloa HYBRID) ON THE CALORIFIC POWER OF THE MEXICAN WET TROPIC

CUTTING FREQUENCY IN CAYMAN GRASS (Urochloa HYBRID) ON THE CALORIFIC POWER OF THE MEXICAN WET TROPIC

Simulation of Batch Slow Pyrolysis of Biomass Materials Using the Process-Flow-Diagram COCO Simulator

Assessment of self‐heating and spontaneous combustion of Napier grass using thermogravimetric analysis

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