Thermochemical hydrogen generation of indium oxide thin films

Abstract

Development of alternative energy resources is an urgent requirement to alleviate current energy constraints. As such, hydrogen gas is gaining attention as a future alternative energy source to address existing issues related to limited energy resources and air pollution. In this study, hydrogen generation by a thermochemical water-splitting process using two types of In2O3 thin films was investigated. The two In2O3 thin films prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and sputtering deposition systems contained different numbers of oxygen vacancies, which were directly related to hydrogen generation. The as-grown In2O3 thin film prepared by CVD generated a large amount of hydrogen because of its abundant oxygen vacancies, while that prepared by sputtering had few oxygen vacancies, resulting in low hydrogen generation. Increasing the temperature of the In2O3 thin film in the reaction chamber caused an increase in hydrogen generation. The oxygen-vacancy-rich In2O3 thin film is expected to provide a highly effective production of hydrogen as a sustainable and efficient energy source.

Highly efficient overall water splitting performance of gadolinium‐indium‐zinc ternary oxide nanostructured electrocatalyst

“…The deconvoluted spectrum reveals four distinct peaks at 529.5, 530.9, 532.2 and 533.5 eV, ascribing the M-O, M-OH, C=O and surface water molecule related bonding in ternary oxides. [18][19][20][21] Furthermore, the atomic percentage of Gd, In, Zn and O ions was estimated to be around 42%, 18%, 12% and 28%, respectively.…”

“…The intermediate binding of O ions and the metallic elements in GIZO was studied using the O 1s core level XPS spectrum provided in Figure 3E. The deconvoluted spectrum reveals four distinct peaks at 529.5, 530.9, 532.2 and 533.5 eV, ascribing the M‐O, M‐OH, C=O and surface water molecule related bonding in ternary oxides 18‐21 . Furthermore, the atomic percentage of Gd, In, Zn and O ions was estimated to be around 42%, 18%, 12% and 28%, respectively.…”

SmFeO 3 and SmFe 1‐x Er x O 3 based perovskite nanorods for improved oxygen and hydrogen evolution functions

“…O 1s core level spectrum shown in Figure 5D was next studied to analyze the nature of oxygen binding with rare earth metallic ions. The deconvoluted O peaks were further identified to describe the FeO, SmO, OH and surface adsorbed H 2 O in SFEO 34‐37 . Adsorption actually results from the vacancies and interstitials generated by substitution of Er ions in SFEO perovskites.…”

“…The deconvoluted O peaks were further identified to describe the Fe O, Sm O, OH and surface adsorbed H 2 O in SFEO. [34][35][36][37] Adsorption actually results from the vacancies and interstitials generated by substitution of Er ions in SFEO perovskites.…”

Continuous hydrogen regeneration through the oxygen vacancy control of metal oxides using microwave irradiation

“…For instance, H 2 generation and regeneration using Fe 3 cycles of 800-1500 and 1000-2500 C, respectively. [9][10][11][12][13][14] In particular, research on lowering the temperature of hydrogen regeneration is essential for increasing the hydrogen generation energy efficiency. In recent years, efforts have been made to solve these problems.…”