Thermochemical modelling of electrotransport of uranium and plutonium in an electrorefiner

Economic assessment of alternative Pyro-SFR nuclear fuel cycle in Korea

“…The front-end process is a process in which the spent fuel that was emitted from light-water reactor power plants is received, dismantled, and cut, consisting of unitprocesses such as a dismantling of the assembly, fuel rod cutting, decladding and powdering, voloxidation, and waste disposal. The Pyroprocess consists of unit-processes such as electro reduction, electro-refining, electro-winning, removal of residual actinide, manufacturing of uranium and uranium-TRU ingots, and the recycling of salt-wastes (Nawada and Bhat, 1998).…”

Analysis of Equilibrium Methods for the Computational Model of the Mark-Iv Electr Orefiner

“…That, in combination with changes in the distribution of species in the salt, initiates reactions between the pool and the salt. In addition, once noble metals dissolved in the pool exceed their solubility limit, they will come out of solution and precipitate in the pool forming "pool precipitate" [4,5,6]. It is this complex series that needs to be considered in developing the predictive computational model.…”

“…Ackerman (1989) took a piecewise approach to the problem in his algorithm-PYRO-by first accounting for all the reactions that should occur to completion and later employing a recursive algorithm to determine equilibrium among the remaining species [8]. Nawada and Bhat (1998) reported a similar approach by modeling the thermodynamic reactions between two liquid cadmium electrodes and a molten salt bath using 10 equations [4]. Their method only accounted for U and Pu transport and solubility limits in the liquid electrodes.…”

Review—Modeling Electrochemical Processing for Applications in Pyroprocessing

“…The thermodynamically based model merely cares of the thermodynamic equilibrium of a reaction on the interface between two phases, such as the cathode-electrolyte interface based on the equilibrium constant. The model was first proposed by Johnson et al 1 and Ackerman et al 2,3 Tomczuk et al 4 applied it to predict the transport of U, Pu, Ce, Nd and Y. Nawada et al 5 later introduced the method to simulate the U and Pu transport in molten salt under 16 conditions consisting of various combinations of saturated and unsaturated anode and cathode. The model was enhanced later by Ghosh et al 6 with a more robust code called PRAGAMAN and was extended from liquid to solid electrode.…”