Thermochemical storage of solar energy with high-temperature chemical reactions

Maria, G. De; D’Alessio, L.; Coffari, E.; Paolucci, Matteo Dario; Tiberio, C.A.

doi:10.1016/0038-092x(85)90129-x

Cited by 28 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…23 A suitable approach to store and transmit surplus energy is through chemical energy transmission systems (CETS). [24][25][26] These CETS are based on a reversible reaction network: at energy-rich periods the energy is used to perform an endothermic forward reaction such as the DRM, thereby storing power in chemical bonds, whereas at energy-lean periods an exothermic backward reaction such as methanation or Fischer-Tropsch synthesis can be used to release the stored energy. This application can additionally be combined with long-distance heat pipelines allowing the product to be Catalysis Science & Technology Paper transported to a consumer, where the conversion via the reverse reaction releases the stored energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of carbonaceous deposits in the activity and stability of Ni-based catalysts applied in the dry reforming of methane

Düdder

Kähler

Krause

et al. 2014

Catal. Sci. Technol.

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Highly stable Ni catalysts with varying Ni contents up to 50 mol% originating from hydrotalcite-like precursors were applied in the dry reforming of methane at 800 and 900 °C. The integral specific rate of methane conversion determined after 10 h on stream was 3.8 mmol s^-1 g_cat^-1 at 900 °C. Due to the outstanding high activity, a catalyst mass of just 10 mg had to be used to avoid operating the reaction in thermodynamic equilibrium. The resulting WHSV was as high as 1.44 × 106 ml g_cat^-1 h^-1. The observed axial temperature distribution with a pronounced cold spot was analyzed by computational fluid dynamics simulations to verify the strong influence of this highly endothermic reaction. Transmission electron microscopy and temperature-programmed oxidation experiments were used to probe the formation of different carbon species, which was found to depend on the catalyst composition and the reaction temperature. Among the formed carbon species, multi-walled carbon nanofibers were detrimental to the long-term stability at 800 °C, whereas their formation was suppressed at 900 °C. The formation of graphitic carbon at 900 °C originating from methane pyrolysis played a minor role. The methane conversion after 100 h of dry reforming at 900 °C compared to the initial one amounted to 98% for the 25 mol% Ni catalyst. The oxidative regeneration of the catalyst was achieved in the isothermal mode using only carbon dioxide in the feed

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of carbonaceous deposits in the activity and stability of Ni-based catalysts applied in the dry reforming of methane

Düdder

Kähler

Krause

et al. 2014

Catal. Sci. Technol.

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“…Several reactions were suggested and theoretically analyzed [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52] . During the following years, the first experimental studies covering thermodynamics, reaction kinetics and reversibility assessments were reported 50,[53][54][55][56][57] and the first prototypes were designed and installed [58][59][60] . On the following decades (1990s and 2000s) the interest on thermochemical heat storage decreased remarkably.…”

Section: Thermochemical Heat Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Solar Energy on Demand: A Review on High Temperature Thermochemical Heat Storage Systems and Materials

et al. 2019

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Among renewable energies, wind and solar are inherently intermittent and therefore both require efficient energy storage systems to facilitate a round-the-clock electricity production at global scale. In this context, concentrated solar power (CSP) stands out among other sustainable technologies because it offers the interesting possibility of storing energy collected from the sun as heat, by sensible, latent or thermochemical means. Accordingly, continuous electricity generation in the power block is possible even during off-sun periods, providing CSP plants with a remarkable dispatchability. Sensible heat storage has been already incorporated to commercial CSP plants. However, due to its potentially higher energy storage density, thermochemical heat storage (TCS) systems emerge as an attractive alternative for the design of next generation power plants, which are expected to operate at higher temperatures. Through these systems, thermal energy is used to drive endothermic chemical reactions, which can subsequently release the stored energy when needed through a reversible exothermic step. This review analyzes the status 2 of this prominent energy storage technology, its major challenges and future perspectives, covering in detail the numerous strategies proposed for the improvement of materials and thermochemical reactors. Thermodynamic calculations allow selecting high energy density systems, but experimental findings indicate that sufficiently rapid kinetics and long-term stability trough continuous cycles of chemical transformation are also necessary for practical implementation. In addition, selecting easy to handle materials with reduced cost and limited toxicity is crucial for large-scale deployment of this technology. In this work, the possible utilization of materials as diverse as metal hydrides, hydroxides or carbonates for thermochemical storage is discussed. Furthermore, especial attention is paid to the development of redox metal oxides, such as Co3O4/CoO, Mn2O3/Mn3O4 and perovskites of different compositions, as an auspicious new class of TCS materials due to the advantage of working with atmospheric air as reactant, avoiding the need of gas storage tanks. Current knowledge about the structural, morphological and chemical modifications of these solids, either caused during redox transformations, or induced wittingly as a way to improve their properties, is revised in detail. In addition, the design of new reactors concepts proposed for the most efficient use of TCS in concentrated solar facilities is also critically considered. Finally, strategies for the harmonic integration of these units in functioning solar power plants, as well as the economic aspects are also briefly assessed.

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“…Several types of directly-irradiated solar thermal reformers have been developed and demonstrated in solar tests. [114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128][129][130][131][132][133] 4.1.1. Indirect MSTR: sodium heat pipe reformer.…”

Section: Reactor Engineering Aspects Of Solar Thermal Reforming Of Me...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More advanced solutions are based on volumetric receiver-reformers (also called direct catalytic absorption receiver reactors). [115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126][128][129][130][131][132] In a volumetric receiver-reformer, concentrated solar radiation illuminates directly (through a transparent window) the catalyst bed, a ceramic monolith (honeycomb, ceramic or metallic foam) coated with a catalyst. Ceramic and metallic foams that provide high gas permeability and, at the same time, effective and uniform absorption of solar radiation are preferable over honeycomb monoliths.…”

Section: Reactor Engineering Aspects Of Solar Thermal Reforming Of Me...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar thermal catalytic reforming of natural gas: a review on chemistry, catalysis and system design

Simakov

Wright

Ahmed

et al. 2015

Catal. Sci. Technol.

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Thermochemical storage of solar energy with high-temperature chemical reactions

Cited by 28 publications

References 4 publications

The role of carbonaceous deposits in the activity and stability of Ni-based catalysts applied in the dry reforming of methane

The role of carbonaceous deposits in the activity and stability of Ni-based catalysts applied in the dry reforming of methane

Solar Energy on Demand: A Review on High Temperature Thermochemical Heat Storage Systems and Materials

Solar thermal catalytic reforming of natural gas: a review on chemistry, catalysis and system design

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