Thermochemical treatment of sewage sludge ash with sodium salt additives for phosphorus fertilizer production – Analysis of underlying chemical reactions

Stemann, Jan; Peplinski, B.; Adam, Christian

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2015.07.029

Cited by 64 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The presence of whitlockite in the sewage sludge ash composition is in agreement with the literature that frequently reported it for various composition of the sewage sludge [20,27]. The presence of phosphorous as whitlockite phase does not recommend the direct use of the sewage sludge as sewage sludge ash form as fertilizer due to its lower solubility in ammonium citrate in comparison with buchwaldite phase as has been reported by Stemnan et al [16], but P-rich witlockite is readily dissolvable in acid [28]. Under these circumstances, the feasible approach should be phosphorous extraction and capitalization as fertilizer product.…”

Section: Results and Discussion Chemical Characterization Of Sewage supporting

confidence: 90%

“…Recovery and capitalization of phosphorus from sewage sludge ashes is a research direction often reported in the literature [13][14][15][16][17], considering that the incineration leads the sludge volume reduction and the phosphorous concentration increase [18]. In this context, wet extraction using inorganic [19] or organic acids [17], chelating bases and agents [19][20][21], electrodialysis [22], thermochemical method [23,24], conditioning and dewatering processes [25] have been studied.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Simple and Combined Acidic Extraction of Phosphorus from Sewage Sludge Ash

Militaru¹,

Pode²,

Manea³

et al. 2019

Rev. Chim.

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A comparative behavior of inorganic and organic acids as extraction agents for phosphorous extraction from sewage sludge ash provided by a municipal wastewater plant from Timis County, Romania, was studied in this work. The physical-chemical and morphological properties were determined by X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Batch simple extraction experiments with hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and citric acid were conducted on the sewage sludge ash for phosphorous extraction. The operating conditions for acidic extraction with each acid and combination of sulfuric acid and citric acid were optimized in relation to the acid type, concentration and liquid:solid (LS) ratio. The combination of sulfuric acid and citric acid in volumetric ratio of 0.5 was chosen as optimum extraction agent for phosphorus recovery.

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Section: Results and Discussion Chemical Characterization Of Sewage supporting

confidence: 90%

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confidence: 99%

Simple and Combined Acidic Extraction of Phosphorus from Sewage Sludge Ash

Militaru¹,

Pode²,

Manea³

et al. 2019

Rev. Chim.

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“…Hereafter, the sludges will be referred to as B chem and B bio , respectively. The resulting biochars were used either directly for the pot experiment or further thermochemically processed at 950°C for approximately 30 min in a rotary furnace (Thermal Technology, RT1700, corundum tube, Bayreuth, Germany) to improve the fertilizer performance of the material as follows: Treatment of B chem with magnesium chloride (MgCl 2 ; Sigma‐Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany) under oxidizing (air) conditions ( Adam et al, ; Vogel and Adam , ; hereafter the product is referred to B chem ‐Mg). Treatment of B bio with sodium sulfate (Na 2 SO 4 ; Applichem, Darmstadt, Germany) under reducing conditions ( Stemann et al, ; Herzel et al, ; Vogel et al, ; hereafter the product is referred to B bio ‐Na). Treatment of B chem first as gaseous chloride donor (hydrochloric acid) to remove heavy metals ( Vogel and Adam , ), followed by addition of Na 2 SO 4 (under reductive conditions) to enhance the P plant‐availability (hereafter the product is referred to B chem ‐Cl+Na). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2. Treatment of B bio with sodium sulfate (Na 2 SO 4 ; Applichem, Darmstadt, Germany) under reducing conditions (Stemann et al, 2015;Herzel et al, 2016;Vogel et al, 2016; hereafter the product is referred to B bio -Na). 3.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus availability of sewage sludge‐based fertilizers determined by the diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique

Vogel

Sekine

Steckenmesser

et al. 2017

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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The plant‐availability of phosphorus (P) in fertilizers and soil can strongly influence the yield of agricultural crops. However, there are no methods to efficiently and satisfactorily analyze the plant‐availability of P in sewage sludge‐based P fertilizers except by undertaking time‐consuming and complex pot or field experiments. We employed the diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique to quantify the plant P availability of various types of P fertilizers with a novel focus on sewage sludge‐based P fertilizers. Mixtures of fertilizer and soil were incubated for 3 weeks at 60% water holding capacity. DGT devices were deployed at the beginning of the incubation and again after 1, 2, and 3 weeks. Two weeks of incubation were sufficient for the formation of plant‐available P in the fertilizer/soil mixtures. In a pot experiment, the DGT technique predicted maize (Zea mays L.) biomass yield and P uptake significantly more accurately than standard chemical extraction tests for P fertilizers (e.g., water, citric acid, and neutral ammonium citrate). Therefore, the DGT technique can be recommended as a reliable and robust method to screen the performance of different types of sewage sludge‐based P fertilizers for maize cultivation minimizing the need for time‐consuming and costly pot or field experiments.

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“…The biggest industrial agreement to recycle P from SSA until now was signed in the beginning of 2015 between the Belgian company Ecophos and the Dutch companies HVC and SNB, which includes the construction of a plant to treat 50-60,000 tonnes of incineration SSA yearly using a method belonging to this group. b) Thermal removal of heavy metals at high temperatures (above 1400°C) [9,26], which also allows the separation of the main metals like Fe; or at around 1000°C in combination with chemicals like calcium or magnesium chloride [27], Na-and K-salts and bases [9,28,29], which at the same time increases the plant availability of P in the ashes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequential electrodialytic recovery of phosphorus from low-temperature gasification ashes of chemically precipitated sewage sludge

et al. 2017

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Phosphorus recycling from secondary materials like sewage sludge ashes offers an alternative to mining of phosphates from primary resources and a mean to counteract the current phosphorous rock depletion concern. A separation of P from the bulk ash is normally required, due to its low plant availability and the presence of heavy metals. Previously, more than 80% of P was recovered from incineration sewage sludge ashes using a two-compartment electrodialytic cell. In contrast, the recovery was below 30% for ashes from low-temperature gasification using the same setup. The low recovery was due to a high presence of Al- and Fe(III)-P bindings. In the present study, an electrodialytic process combining sequentially a pair of two-compartment cells allowed a recovery of up to 70% of phosphorus from these ashes. The use of a second cell, where the ash was suspended in an alkaline solution, allowed the P solubilisation from aluminium and ferric phosphates. In addition, P was separated from most metals as they became insoluble under the prevailing chemical environment. The obtained ratio of Al, Fe, Mg and most heavy metals to P was comparable to wet process phosphoric acid. Therefore, this sequential process was found to be suitable to recycle P and potentially use it in the production of common fertilizers like diammonium phosphate.

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Thermochemical treatment of sewage sludge ash with sodium salt additives for phosphorus fertilizer production – Analysis of underlying chemical reactions

Cited by 64 publications

References 12 publications

Simple and Combined Acidic Extraction of Phosphorus from Sewage Sludge Ash

Simple and Combined Acidic Extraction of Phosphorus from Sewage Sludge Ash

Phosphorus availability of sewage sludge‐based fertilizers determined by the diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique

Sequential electrodialytic recovery of phosphorus from low-temperature gasification ashes of chemically precipitated sewage sludge

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