Thermochemical two-step water splitting cycles by monoclinic ZrO2-supported NiFe2O4 and Fe3O4 powders and ceramic foam devices

A review on solar thermal syngas production via redox pair-based water/carbon dioxide splitting thermochemical cycles

“…11c). The work was continued with m-ZrO 2 -suported NiFe 2 O 4 and Fe 3 O 4 powders [208]. Eventually the most reactive foam device of NiFe 2 O 4 /m-ZrO 2 /MPSZ was tested in a windowed single reactor using solar-simulated Xe-beam irradiation with a power input of 0.4-0.7 kW th , producing successfully hydrogen for 20 cycles [209].…”

Heat transfer simulation in a thermochemical solar reactor based on a volumetric porous receiver

“…Several of these cycles were analyzed and demonstrated experimentally [2][3][4][5] and recently, special interest was paid in the use of the Fe 3 O 4 /FeO redox pair and mixed metal ferrites [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. This iron-based process was first proposed by Nakamura [11] and it comprises two steps.…”

“…Mixed oxide materials such as ferrites (like nickel ferrites) were proposed to lower the temperature of the thermal reduction step below 1600K while the reduced phase was still reactive with water to produce hydrogen at about 1200K [9].…”

“…Due to the lower reduction temperature of the ferrites, a few solar reactor concepts have been developed and tested [6,9,13]. For example, a mixed iron oxide cycle was demonstrated in a 100 kW solar reactor operating below 1500K [13].…”

H2 generation from two-step thermochemical water-splitting reaction using sol-gel derived SnxFeyOz

“…2 Several metal oxides, for instance, phase pure ferrites such as Ni-ferrite, [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Zn-ferrite, [14][15][16][17][18] Mn-ferrite, 3,[19][20][21][22] Co-ferrite, 23,24 and doped ferrites such as Ni-Mn-ferrite 3,13,19,[25][26][27] and Ni-Znferrite 7,28,29 were investigated for thermochemical water-splitting process. For instance, Fresno et al 7 reported generation of 1.35 ml H 2 g À1 cycle À1 using Zn-ferrite (Sigma Aldrich) at watersplitting and regeneration temperatures of 1000 C and 1300 C, respectively.…”