Thermochemistry of explosives

Akhavan, Jacqueline

doi:10.1039/9781847552020-00074

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…The main chemical reaction in this stage might be described by Eqs. ( 1)-( 6) [29][30][31][32], is the release of energy from the reactions of Zr and Al with CO 2 , /H 2 O, and CO vapor.…”

Section: Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of explosive effect of thermobaric explosive by metal reactive material

Jiao

Zhou

et al. 2023

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Reactive materials have mechanical properties comparable to metal materials and also have the reaction‐release energy characteristics of energetic materials. The calorific value of reactive materials is even higher than that of explosives. They can react under high pressure/high temperature and release a large amount of chemical energy. Therefore, reactive materials have a wide range of potential applications in aviation and national defense fields. This study examines the energy release characteristics of the metal reactive material casing (MRMC) under thermobaric explosives and compares them to traditional steel casing. The test specimens had the same casing‐charge mass ratio and size, with the only difference being the casing material: reactive material (with reactive elements Zr and Al) and AISI 1020 steel. The physical and chemical properties of the reactive materials were tested and analyzed using ICP‐MS, oxygen bomb calorimeter, and SHPB. Through explosion tests, the characteristic parameters of explosion fireball and ground shock wave overpressure were measured. And the reactive fragments recovered from the experiment were subjected to XRD testing. The results show that MRMC can significantly increase the diameter, duration, and temperature of the explosion fireball compared to steel casing data. The maximum fireball diameter of the MRMC specimen increased by 31.9 %, while the duration before attenuation increased by 47.3 %. MRMC can increase the area ratio of high‐temperature areas (greater than 1300 °C) in the fireball. MRMC increases the overall temperature of the fireball, not just in specific local areas. Additionally, MRMC significantly enhances far‐field shock waves. At a scaled distance of 2.54, the peak overpressure and positive impulse of the MRMC specimen were 50 % and 52 % higher than those of the steel specimen, respectively. This study provides new insights into the application, design, and energy release research of MRMC.

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“…The main chemical reaction in this stage might be described by Eqs. ( 1)-( 6) [29][30][31][32], is the release of energy from the reactions of Zr and Al with CO 2 , /H 2 O, and CO vapor.…”

Section: Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of explosive effect of thermobaric explosive by metal reactive material

Jiao

Zhou

et al. 2023

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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“…To get to the von Neumann pressure consider rewriting Equation (15) with P 1 as the subject of the formula and setting…”

Section: The Von Neumann Pressure P N As a Function Of The Cj Pressu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of a Measure of Sensitivity to Shock Detonate an Explosive as a Function of its Shock Parameters

Nandlall

2019

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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The sensitivity of an explosive to detonate due to a shock stimulus is examined using the shock Hugoniots of the condensed material and the detonation products. Explicit equations were developed for the initiation and detonation pressures as a function of the U s À u p shock parameters, the density, the detonation velocity and the Chapman-Jouguet pressure which in itself is a function of the heat of detonation. We came upon defining a pressure difference, DP s , between the initiation and detonation pressures which appears to provide a measure of the sensitivity of the ex-plosive to detonate due to a shock loading. For a number of explosives for which reliable shock parameters were available, our results compared very well with widely used and tested small and large scale gap test results. We demonstrated that no one parameter such as the heat of detonation, the Chapman-Jouguet pressure or even the detonation velocity could be used as a measure of sensitivity to shock detonation but it is the net effect captured by all the parameters that provides the sensitivity of the explosive.

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“…[1][2][3] TNP detection is a threat since it is involved not only in nitro explosives, particularly landmines, but also in numerous industrial operations such as the production of dyes, pyrotechnics, matches, glass, leather, rocket fuel, and batteries. 2,4,5 Furthermore, PA is used in various germicides, tanning agents, and fungicides. 6 It is also obtained as a by-product in the synthesis of several nitroaromatic compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling the sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of nitro-based explosives by modulating the electronic substituents on the ligand of AIPE-active cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes

Agarwal,

Bhatta,

Kachwal

et al. 2023

Dalton Trans.

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Thermochemistry of explosives

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Enhancement of explosive effect of thermobaric explosive by metal reactive material

Enhancement of explosive effect of thermobaric explosive by metal reactive material

Determination of a Measure of Sensitivity to Shock Detonate an Explosive as a Function of its Shock Parameters

Controlling the sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of nitro-based explosives by modulating the electronic substituents on the ligand of AIPE-active cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes

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