Thermochronologic constraints on evolution of the Linglong Metamorphic Core Complex and implications for gold mineralization: A case study from the Xiadian gold deposit, Jiaodong Peninsula, eastern China

Li, Yang; Deng, Jun; Wang, Zhong Liang; Zhang, Liang; Goldfarb, Richard J.; Yuan, Wentao; Weinberg, Roberto Ferrez; Zhang, Rui Zhong

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2015.07.006

Cited by 103 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Meanwhile, the closure temperature of zircon fission track (240 ± 50°C, Bernet, ) is similar to the temperature of gold precipitation at the Xiadian gold deposit (immiscibility‐related fluid inclusion assemblage, ranging from 198°C to 319°C, this paper). Therefore, we conclude that gold mineralization within the Xiadian deposit occurred at ca 130 Ma; and this age is similar to Dayingezhuang gold deposit (~130 Ma, Yang et al, ) which is located 10 km to the northeast of the Xiadian deposit within the Linglong detachment fault.…”

Section: Mineralization Agesupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Four samples from the gold‐bearing ores of the Xiadian deposit yielded consistent zircon fission track ages centered at ca 130 Ma (130.4 ± 1.5 Ma, MSWD = 0.05, P = 0.98), Given that the surrounding Jurassic country rocks of Xiadian gold were already close to the Linglong detachment fault closure temperature by ca 134 Ma (high temperature ductile deformation; Charles et al, ), these ages cannot come from the Jurassic host rocks, likely marking a ca 130 Ma gold forming event of Xiadian gold (Yang et al, ).…”

Section: Mineralization Agementioning

confidence: 90%

“…Meanwhile, the ductile deformation upon the Linglong detachment fault continued at least until 134 Ma, with brittle deformation starting no later than 128 Ma (Charles et al, ), which suggests that the ductile–brittle transition period overlapped the ore‐formation age of Xiadian (~130 Ma). In addition, the microstructure features of ore‐bearing rocks in Xiadian show both ductile deformation and brittle deformation that are occurrences in the ore‐forming stage (Yang et al, ). All the points described above mean that we can use the fault‐valve model to estimate the ore‐forming depth of the Xiadian deposit.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geology, Fluid Inclusion and Stable Isotope Constraints on the Fluid Evolution and Resource Potential of the Xiadian Gold Deposit, Jiaodong Peninsula

2017

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The Xiadan gold deposit from Jiaodong Peninsula contains more than 200 t of gold, and is one of the representative largest deposits within south part of the Zhaoping Fault zone. The gold orebodies consist of auriferous altered rocks that show disseminated and stockwork mineralization. Mineralization and alteration are structurally controlled by the NE‐ to NNE‐striking Linglong detachment fault. Mineralization can be divided into three stages: (K‐feldspar)–sericite–quartz–pyrite, quartz–gold–polymetallic sulfide, and quartz–carbonate, with the majority of the gold being produced during the middle stage. Based on a combination of petrography, microthermometry, and laser Raman spectroscopy, three types of fluid inclusion were identified in the vein mineral assemblages: NaCl–H2O (A‐type), CO2–H2O–NaCl (AC‐type), and pure CO2 (PC‐type). Quartz crystals in veins that formed during the early stage contain mainly AC‐type primary fluid inclusions, with rare PC‐type inclusions. These fluid inclusions homogenize completely at temperatures of 253°C–408°C and have medium–low salinities (1.62–11.89 wt.% NaCl equivalent). Quartz crystals that formed during the middle stage contain all three types of fluid inclusion, and these fluid inclusions homogenize completely at temperatures of 176°C–335°C and have salinities of 0.70–14.73 wt.% NaCl equivalent. In contrast, quartz that formed during the last stage contains only A‐type fluid inclusions; these inclusions have homogenization temperatures of 108°C–253°C and salinities of 1.73–11.60 wt.% NaCl equivalent. The above data indicate that the ore‐forming system evolved from a CO2‐rich mesothermal fluid into a CO2‐poor fluid as a result of an influx of meteoric water. Fluid immiscibility is an essential prerequisite for metals precipitation in Xiadian. The characteristics of fluid inclusions, combined with H–O–S isotopes suggest that the ore‐forming fluids might be of metamorphic origin. Based on the immiscibility of AC‐type fluid inclusions, trapping pressures have been estimated at 88–339 MPa during ore formation, with a depth of metallogenesis of 8.8–12.6 km. The depth of erosion of study area has been calculated as about 10.3 km between 130 Ma and the present. Considering the gold mineralization occurred at around 130 Ma, the space with deep gold exploration is expectable at Xiadian.

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Section: Mineralization Agesupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Mineralization Agementioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geology, Fluid Inclusion and Stable Isotope Constraints on the Fluid Evolution and Resource Potential of the Xiadian Gold Deposit, Jiaodong Peninsula

2017

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“…Ductile shear zone (DSZ) plays an important role in controlling the formation of large‐scale gold deposits around the world (Bonnemaison & Marcoux, ). Since the structures of DSZs have been recognized, many large‐scale and ultra‐large‐type gold deposits constrained within DSZs have been reported, for example, the gold deposits of the greenstone—granite belt of the Jiaodong Peninsula of China (Deng & Wang, ; Yang et al, ), the Paishanlou gold deposit in Liaoning Province (Ni, Liu, Tang, Zhao, & Zeng, ), the Jiapigou deposit in Jilin Province (L. Li, Sun, Men, & Chai, ), the Yilgarn Shield in Western Australia (Phillips & Vearncombe, ), the Rloltapicuru granite‐greenstone belt in Brazil (Pires, Bongiolo, Renac, Nascimento, & Prado, ), the Hoggar Shield in North Africa (Aissa & Marignac, ), and the Hutti‐Maski granite‐greenstone belt in India (Rogers, Kolb, Meyer, & Armstrong, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ductile shear deformation and gold mineralization in the Hetai goldfield of the Yunkai Massif, South China Block

Liu

Wang

et al. 2019

Geological Journal

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The Hetai goldfield, located at the northern edge of the Yunkai Massif in South China, is a significant gold deposit hosted within the Hetai ductile shear zone (HSZ). The deformation history of HSZ and its correlation with the gold mineralization are problematic. In this study, we conducted detailed field observations and microstructure analyses together with zircon U–Pb and muscovite 40Ar/39Ar geochronology on mylonitic granites, aiming to study the deformation features and processes of the ductile shear zone (DSZ) along with their further implications to the gold metallogenic mechanisms of the Hetai goldfield (HGF). The HGF and its periphery have undergone three phases of ductile shear event (DS) since the Palaeozoic: The first DS developed from 468 to 413 Ma, with deformation temperatures above 500°C, accompanied by the formation of large‐scale migmatite and magmatism. The second DS developed from 239 to 211 Ma, with deformation temperatures ranging from 400°C to 500°C and resulted in a low‐angle, top‐to‐the‐SE thrusting. The third DS developed from 198 to 162 Ma, with deformation temperatures between 300°C and 400°C and formed steep, dextral strike‐slip shear zones. The DSs in the HGF have close connection with the gold mineralization. The first DS is coeval with the small‐scale gold mineralization or sulfofication and laid the foundation for later large‐scale gold mineralization. The second DS had no obvious gold mineralization, but the DSZ that developed in this period, together with the earlier DSZs, may have provided a migration pathway for the later gold ore‐forming fluid. Occurrence of the third DS was combined with the main gold mineralization, but the large‐scale gold mineralization mainly occurred during 175–157 Ma, that is, the middle and later periods of dextral strike‐slip. Overall, multiphase DS dominated the large‐scale gold mineralization in this area.

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“…The Jiaodong Gold Province in China, as the best-known world-class gold province (with Au reserves of >4000 t), is situated in the eastern North China Craton and north of the Sulu Orogen (Li et al, 2011;Li et al, 2017). The~126-120 Ma Au deposits of the Jiaodong Peninsula, primarily of quartz vein style and disseminated cataclastic altered rock style, are hosted by NE-to NNE-trending brittle normal faults that parallel the margins of~165-150 Ma, deeply emplaced, lower crustal melt granites (Goldfarb & Santosh, 2014), mostly as a result of extensive lithospheric thinning and craton destruction during the Early Cretaceous in the eastern and central domains (Yang, Deng, Guo et al, 2016a;Yang, Deng, Wang et al, 2016b;Zhai & Santosh, 2013). Fluid inclusion studies are mostly used for discussing ore-forming fluid origins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ore genesis of the Xiadian gold deposit, Jiaodong Peninsula, East China: Information from fluid inclusions and mineralization

et al. 2017

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Orebodies in the Xiadian gold deposit in the Jiaodong Peninsula, China are mainly hosted in the Mesozoic granitoids, controlled structurally by the Zhaoyuan–Pingdu Fault Zone, and occur as disseminated and cataclastic altered type. Four mineralization stages were identified as follows: quartz–pyrite stage (I), gold‐bearing fine‐grained pyrite–quartz stage (II), polymetallic sulfide–quartz stage (III), and quartz–carbonate stage (IV). Quartz was classified as including quartz granules with dentation boundaries (I), cataclastic quartz grain assemblages (II and III), and rod‐like quartz grains (IV). Petrography, laser Raman analysis, and microthermometry of fluid inclusions in these stages (in both tunnel and borehole samples) reveal (a) CO2–H2O fluid inclusions (C–H type), (b) CO2–H2O ± CH4 fluid inclusions (C–H–CH4 type), and (c) aqueous fluid inclusions (H type). Fluid immiscibility caused by fluid mixing caused rapid precipitation of gold. The ore‐forming fluid of the Xiadian gold deposit evolves from an H2O–CO2–NaCl ± CH4 system with medium temperature and salinity to an H2O–NaCl system with low temperature and salinity, from CO2‐rich to CO2‐poor in composition and from a mixture of magmatic water with increasing meteoric water as δ18OH2O values. Sulphur isotope compositions suggest a mixed source of ore metal, and the Jiaodong Group may be a major source for sulphur. Fluid parameters of borehole samples indicate that there is the same fluid system for Au precipitation at different depths and fault gouge with poor permeability may play a crucial role in forming a relatively closed semi‐open space for Au precipitation. Integrating the data obtained from the studies including regional geology, ore geology, and fluid inclusions and stable isotope geochemistry, the Xiadian gold deposit is concluded as an orogenic‐type gold deposit formed in the tectonic transition from compression to extension.

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Thermochronologic constraints on evolution of the Linglong Metamorphic Core Complex and implications for gold mineralization: A case study from the Xiadian gold deposit, Jiaodong Peninsula, eastern China

Cited by 103 publications

References 84 publications

Geology, Fluid Inclusion and Stable Isotope Constraints on the Fluid Evolution and Resource Potential of the Xiadian Gold Deposit, Jiaodong Peninsula

Geology, Fluid Inclusion and Stable Isotope Constraints on the Fluid Evolution and Resource Potential of the Xiadian Gold Deposit, Jiaodong Peninsula

Ductile shear deformation and gold mineralization in the Hetai goldfield of the Yunkai Massif, South China Block

Ore genesis of the Xiadian gold deposit, Jiaodong Peninsula, East China: Information from fluid inclusions and mineralization

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