Thermodynamic analysis of inclusions in Ti‐deoxidised steels

Ruby-Meyer, Fabienne; Lehmann, J.; Gaye, Henri

doi:10.1034/j.1600-0692.2000.d01-24.x

Cited by 77 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Because it is much more expensive than aluminum, it is usually added after Al deoxidation in order to minimize Ti losses through reaction with oxygen. Several authors [39][40][41] have investigated inclusion compositions after Ti/Al deoxidation using sampling techniques, but no comprehensive equilibrium measurements for Ti/Al deoxidation have been conducted. Kunisada et al 42) reported that in the case of Ti/Al deoxidation the oxygen content in liquid steel is lower than in the case of Ti deoxidation but is higher than in the case of Al deoxidation; hence, there is no advantage of Ti/Al deoxidation for reducing oxygen content compared with Al deoxidation.…”

Section: Addition Of Ti Alloying Elementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computer Applications of Thermodynamic Databases to Inclusion Engineering

2004

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Computerized thermodynamic databases for solid and liquid steel, slags and solid oxide solutions, for large numbers of components, have been developed over the last two decades by critical evaluation/optimization of all available phase equilibrium and thermodynamic data. The databases contain parameters of models specifically developed for molten slags; liquid and solid steel; and solid oxide solutions such as spinels. With user friendly software, which accesses these databases, complex equilibria involving slag, steel, inclusions, refractories and gases simultaneously, can be calculated for systems with many components, over wide ranges of temperature, oxygen potential and pressure. In the present article, several case studies will be presented, illustrating applications to complex steelmaking processes such as: Ca injection processes (Fe-Ca-Al-O inclusion diagram), corrosion of refractories, Mn/Si deoxidation, Ti/Al deoxidation (Fe-Al-Ti-O inclusion diagram), spinel formation (Fe-Mg-Al-O inclusion diagram), (Ti,N)(N,C) inclusion formation, oxide metallurgy.

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Section: Addition Of Ti Alloying Elementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computer Applications of Thermodynamic Databases to Inclusion Engineering

2004

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“…When calcium-iron alloy is added to the melt, alumina can react with calcium to form CaO·6Al 2 O 3 as shown in Eq. (14). This reaction is determined by linear combination from Eqs.…”

Section: Thermodynamic Calculation Of Al-ti-ca-o Complex Inclusionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21) Until now, the researchers haven't reached an agreement on the equilibrium phases of the Al-Ti-O system in molten steel yet. Ruby-Mayer et al 14) and Jung et al 15) insisted that there was a liquid stable region between Al 2 O 3 and Ti 3 O 5 regions based on thermodynamic calculation. However, Wang et al, [9][10][11] M-A Van Ende et al 12) and Matsuura et al 16) thought that only Al 2 O 3 , Ti 2 O 3 , Ti 3 O 5 , and Al 2 TiO 5 were stable phases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[4][5][6][7][8] However, Ti-containing inclusions may also cause severe nozzle clogging problems, which are detrimental to steel production process. As a result, there are many researches of nonmetallic inclusions in Al-Ti deoxidized steel in recent years, such as thermodynamic, [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] size distribution, [17][18][19] modification process 10,11,16,20) and collision character. 21) Until now, the researchers haven't reached an agreement on the equilibrium phases of the Al-Ti-O system in molten steel yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Ti Content on the Characteristics of Inclusions in Al–Ti–Ca Complex Deoxidized Steel

et al. 2017

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Experiments with different titanium addition were carried out in alumina crucible without slag at 1 873 K to investigate the variation of inclusion composition, size and morphology in Al-Ti-Ca complex deoxidized steel. The samples exacted from the experimental steels were analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Titanium influence significantly on the morphology, size distribution and composition of oxide inclusions in Al-Ca deoxidized steels, and the inclusions characteristics vary with titanium content. Liquid oxide inclusions are promptly modified by titanium. On the other hand, titanium can also change solid calcium aluminate inclusions into spherical ones in the melts similarly, but there are a number of inhomogeneous inclusions in molten steel at the initial stage. Therefore, to modify inclusions better, the content of titanium and calcium in molten steel should be controlled simultaneously during the production process.

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“…Thermodynamics for Al deoxidation or Ti deoxidation reaction have been studied well, while the complex deoxidation by Al and Ti addition has not been comprehensively understood. Ruby-Meyer et al 1) have estimated the Fe-Al-Ti-O equilibrium phase diagram by employing the multiphase equilibrium code CEQCSI based on the IRSID slag model 2) The stability of non-metallic inclusions containing titanium in solid steel would be more complex due to the formation of nitride, carbide and so on, which are normally not found at high temperatures. The behavior of non-metallic inclusions in solid state steel is quite important to understand the relationship between microstructure of steel and mechanical properties, and thus to maximally bring out such properties for best performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing Behavior of Non-metallic Inclusions in Solid Iron Deoxidized by Al–Ti Addition during Heating at 1473 K

2011

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Changing behavior of non-metallic inclusions in composition and size distribution at high temperature was investigated by preparing three kinds of Fe-Al-Ti steels, heating at 1 473 K, and observing inclusions by SEM-EDS. In the case of the specimen in which thermodynamically stable inclusion at 1 873 K is Al2O3, mostly pure Al2O3 inclusions were observed in an as cast sample, while many dual phase inclusions were observed after heating. Iron content in inclusions increased and many Al-Ti-Fe-O inclusions in narrow composition range were observed. In the case of the specimen in which stable inclusion at 1 873 K is Ti3O5, TiOx inclusions were observed in an as cast sample. Inclusion compositions changed to Fe-Ti-O by heating and inclusion size became smaller to 2 to 3 μm. In the case of the specimen which composition is located at the boundary area of Al2O3, Al2TiO5, and Ti3O5 stable regions at 1 873 K, various inclusions from pure Al2O3 to TiOx were observed in an as cast sample. By heating, three types of inclusions, namely, Al2O3, Al-Fe-O, and Al-Ti-Fe-O inclusions were observed and average inclusion size decreased. Although the stable phase of oxide equilibrated with Fe-Al-Ti-O system at 1 473 K are not clarified, inclusions equilibrated with molten metal are no longer stable in solid state steel and thus inclusion composition and size change by reacting with solid steel.

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Thermodynamic analysis of inclusions in Ti‐deoxidised steels

Cited by 77 publications

References 5 publications

Computer Applications of Thermodynamic Databases to Inclusion Engineering

Computer Applications of Thermodynamic Databases to Inclusion Engineering

Effect of Ti Content on the Characteristics of Inclusions in Al–Ti–Ca Complex Deoxidized Steel

Changing Behavior of Non-metallic Inclusions in Solid Iron Deoxidized by Al–Ti Addition during Heating at 1473 K

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