Thermodynamic analysis of separating lead and antimony in chloride system

Chen, Jinzhong; Ли, Бо; Yuan, Hai-jun; Zheng, Guoqu; Yang, Tianzu

doi:10.1016/s1003-6326(08)60341-6

Cited by 21 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…An Sb-modified Cu (or simply Sb–Cu) electrode was obtained by immersing an electropolished Cu sheet in a solution containing 0.5 mM SbCl 3 , 0.5 M HCl, and 0.2 M KCl where the galvanic displacement reaction between Cu and Sb(III) species may occur as shown in Figure . Cu + ions are easily coordinated with Cl – to form [CuCl x ] 1– x ( x = 1–3) complexes, and Sb 3+ ions coordinated with chloride to form [SbCl x ] 3– x ( x = 1–6) complexes, depending on the total chloride ion concentration in acidic media. As a result, the anodic oxidation of Cu may proceed at relatively negative potentials to reduce the coordinated Sb(III) ions in concentrated HCl media .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in the presence of a sufficiently high concentration of Cl – , CuCl 3 2– and SbCl 6 3– are the dominant species. E θ (CuCl 3 2– /Cu) is shifted to 0.125 V at 25 °C by taking the complexing constant into account while E θ (SbCl 6 3– /Sb) is shifted to 0.159 V . Alternatively, the Cu dissolution reaction may proceed according to with E θ calculated based on K sp of CuCl .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Selective Reduction of CO₂ to CO on an Sb-Modified Cu Electrode: Spontaneous Fabrication and Physical Insight

Jiang

Qin

et al. 2021

ACS Catal.

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Electrochemical CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR) on Cu is often plagued by low selectivity and stability because of less-controlled preparation of electrocatalytic materials as well as insufficient understanding of the structure−performance relation. In this work, we develop a facile galvanic displacement protocol, involving an electropolished Cu sheet in a mixed Sb(III)−Cl − precursor solution, to form an Sb-modified Cu electrode that can selectively convert CO 2 to CO with a Faradaic efficiency of ca. 82% and an undecayed reduction current over 12 h. Moreover, in situ infrared spectroscopy detects a relatively weak and red-shifted CO band on the Sb-modified Cu electrode as compared to that on the Cu electrode at potentials of CO 2 RR. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the Sb clusters on the Cu surface change the electronic structures of Cu as well as Sb and thus weaken the CO binding strength on Cu sites, consistent with the observed CO band feature and high CO selectivity. These findings may shed light on the rational design of high-selectivity CO 2 RR electrocatalysts by proper interfacial structure engineering.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Reduction of CO₂ to CO on an Sb-Modified Cu Electrode: Spontaneous Fabrication and Physical Insight

Jiang

Qin

et al. 2021

ACS Catal.

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“…To better understand the processes that occur in the case of WPCB disassembly, through the dissolution of metals with Fe 3+ in the presence of Cl − , the standard apparent potentials ( E ’) were calculated for the potentially active reactions (PAR) based on the standard normal potentials ( E 0 ) and the thermodynamic equilibrium constants for the formation of complexes [ 37 , 38 , 39 ]. In order to calculate the E , it is necessary to identify the chemical species present in the solution, with respect to the equilibriums in which they are involved.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dismantling of Waste Printed Circuit Boards with the Simultaneous Recovery of Copper: Experimental Study and Process Modeling

2021

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The study was carried out with the aim to demonstrate the applicability of a combined chemical–electrochemical process for the dismantling of waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) created from different types of electronic equipment. The concept implies a simple and less polluting process that allows the chemical dismantling of WPCBs with the simultaneous recovery of copper from the leaching solution and the regeneration of the leaching agent. In order to assess the performance of the dismantling process, various tests were performed on different types of WPCBs using the 0.3 M FeCl3 in 0.5 M HCl leaching system. The experimental results show that, through the leaching process, the electronic components (EC) together with other fractions can be efficiently dismounted from the surface of WPCBs, with the parallel electrowinning of copper from the copper rich leaching solution. In addition, the process was scaled up for the dismantling of 100 kg/h WPCBs and modeled and simulated using process flow modelling software ChemCAD in order to assess the impact of all steps and equipment on the technical and environmental performance of the overall process. According to the results, the dismantling of 1 kg of WPCBs requires a total energy of 0.48 kWh, and the process can be performed with an overall low environmental impact based on the obtained general environmental indexes (GEIs) values.

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“…12) Many researchers developed some other methods to resolve this problem, such as vacuum distillation, reducing-matting smelting and leaching technology in chloride system. 13) However, there still exist some problems for them being applied in the industry containing high power consumption and expensive production. Based on the difference in vapor pressure of substances in Sb-bearing slags, Qiu Keqiang and Zhang Rongliang found that the Sb 2 O 3 could be separated from PbO and SnO 2 through vacuum evaporation process at temperature of 893 K and pressure of 250 Pa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of Sb and Fe from Sb-bearing Slags through a Reduction Roasting Process with Low Density Polyethylene

Tan

et al. 2019

ISIJ Int.

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A novel method for treating the Sb-bearing slag using LDPE as a reductant under N 2 atmosphere is proposed. The H 2 , CH 4 and C 2 (C 2 H 6 , C 2 H 4 , C 2 H 2) are released quickly during the LDPE pyrolysis process, and some of them have escaped off the roasting system before the reaction with the Sb-bearing slag. The Sb, Pb and Fe phases in the original Sb-bearing slag could be selectively reduced to Sb 4 O 6 , Pb and Fe 3 O 4 respectively by the pyrolysis gas at roasting temperature of 1 000°C and LDPE amount of 25 wt%. The Sb 4 O 6 could be separated and recovered effectively with the volatilization rate of 93.51% accompanying the Pb volatilization rate was only around 0.68% and the Fe phase was almost transformed into Fe 3 O 4 retaining in the residue. Then the Fe 3 O 4 can be separated and collected from the roasted residues using magnetic separation process.

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Thermodynamic analysis of separating lead and antimony in chloride system

Cited by 21 publications

References 5 publications

Selective Reduction of CO₂ to CO on an Sb-Modified Cu Electrode: Spontaneous Fabrication and Physical Insight

Selective Reduction of CO₂ to CO on an Sb-Modified Cu Electrode: Spontaneous Fabrication and Physical Insight

Dismantling of Waste Printed Circuit Boards with the Simultaneous Recovery of Copper: Experimental Study and Process Modeling

Recovery of Sb and Fe from Sb-bearing Slags through a Reduction Roasting Process with Low Density Polyethylene

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Thermodynamic analysis of separating lead and antimony in chloride system

Cited by 21 publications

References 5 publications

Selective Reduction of CO2 to CO on an Sb-Modified Cu Electrode: Spontaneous Fabrication and Physical Insight

Selective Reduction of CO2 to CO on an Sb-Modified Cu Electrode: Spontaneous Fabrication and Physical Insight

Dismantling of Waste Printed Circuit Boards with the Simultaneous Recovery of Copper: Experimental Study and Process Modeling

Recovery of Sb and Fe from Sb-bearing Slags through a Reduction Roasting Process with Low Density Polyethylene

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Selective Reduction of CO₂ to CO on an Sb-Modified Cu Electrode: Spontaneous Fabrication and Physical Insight

Selective Reduction of CO₂ to CO on an Sb-Modified Cu Electrode: Spontaneous Fabrication and Physical Insight