Thermodynamic and Experimental Investigation of Solar-Driven Biomass Pyro-Gasification Using H2O, CO2, or ZnO Oxidants for Clean Syngas and Metallurgical Zn Production

Chuayboon, Srirat; Abanades, Stéphane

doi:10.3390/pr9040687

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…However, good qualitative results can be obtained. For example, in [22], aTEM was applied for gasification based on solar energy with steam, CO 2 , and ZnO as gasification agents, and it has shown theoretical results with the same trend as the experiments and small deviation in the magnitude of the H 2 /CO ratio. Since in an actual application the process time is not always higher than the characteristic time of the chemical reactions, equilibrium cannot be reached, and intermediate chemical species (TARS) are observed and affect the study of a reactor.…”

Section: Equilibrium Modellingmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Finite Rate Reaction Mechanism Adapted for Modelling Pseudo-Equilibrium Pyrolysis of Cellulose

Chandía

2022

Processes

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This manuscript is related to a formulation for modelling cellulose pyrolysis with a pseudo-equilibrium approach. The objective is to model the kinetics of the cellulose pyrolysis with a semi-global mechanism obtained from the literature in order to obtain the yield and the rate of formation, mainly that of char. The pseudo-equilibrium approach consists of the assumption that the solid phase devolatilisation can be described kinetically—at a finite rate—thus preserving the competitive characteristic between the production of char and tar, while the gas phase can be described directly by means of chemical equilibrium. The aforementioned approach gives a set of ordinary, linear, and nonlinear differential equations that are solved numerically with a consistent numerical scheme (i.e., the Totally Implicit Euler method). Chemical equilibrium was solved using CANTERA coupled with a code written in MATLAB. The results showed that the scheme preserved the tar-gas competitive characteristic for cellulose pyrolysis. The gas phase was defined as a mixture of CO2, CO, H2O, CH4, H2, and N2, showing a similar composition compared to models from the literature. Finally, the extension of the model to biomass in general is straightforward for including hemicellulose and lignin. The formulation is described in detail throughout the document in order to be replicated and evaluated for other biological components.

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Section: Equilibrium Modellingmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Prime is added in the density of species i because Equation ( 22) is not the effective mass conservation of the whole gas phase and instead is an intermediate step only for the purpose of determining the change in elemental composition. In Equation (22) . S i is the source term related to the solid phase.…”

Section: Mass Conservation Equation For the Gas Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

Finite Rate Reaction Mechanism Adapted for Modelling Pseudo-Equilibrium Pyrolysis of Cellulose

Chandía

2022

Processes

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“…The influence of gasifying agents on the solar gasification of EFB is of particular importance because the type of gasifying agent (H2O or CO2) has a significant impact on the process efficiency and gasification product composition. A few studies have been carried out on solar CO2 and H2O gasification with woody biomass only [35,36], whereas a comparison of solar gasification of EFB waste biomass with CO2 and H2O has never been done before.…”

Section: Ch4+co2→2co+2h2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon-neutral synfuel production via continuous solar H2O and CO2 gasification of oil palm empty fruit bunch

Chuayboon

Abanades

2023

Energy

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“…However, the direct utilization of solar energy is limited because of its intermittency and dilution [2], and concentration after collection and subsequent storage are needed. Solar thermochemical conversion processes involve different approaches, such as gasification [3][4][5][6], carbothermal reduction [7], direct or chemical looping methane reforming [8] (including also methano-thermal reduction [9]), and two-step steam/CO 2 splitting [10]. They all represent an attractive avenue for converting intermittent and dilute sunlight into liquid/gaseous fuels and chemical commodities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar Carbo-Thermal and Methano-Thermal Reduction of MgO and ZnO for Metallic Powder and Syngas Production by Green Extractive Metallurgy

Chuayboon

Abanades

2022

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The solar carbo-thermal and methano-thermal reduction of both MgO and ZnO were performed in a flexible solar reactor operated at low pressure through both batch and continuous operations. The pyro-metallurgical process is an attractive sustainable pathway to convert and store concentrated solar energy into high-value metal commodities and fuels. Substituting fossil fuel combustion with solar energy when providing high-temperature process heat is a relevant option for green extractive metallurgy. In this study, a thermodynamic equilibrium analysis was first performed to compare the thermochemical reduction of MgO and ZnO with solid carbon or gaseous methane, and to determine the product distribution as a function of the operating conditions. The carbo-thermal and methano-thermal reduction of the MgO and ZnO volatile oxides was then experimentally assessed and compared using a directly irradiated cavity-type solar reactor under different operating conditions, varying the type of carbon-based reducing agent (either solid carbon or methane), temperature (in the range 765–1167 °C for ZnO and 991–1550 °C for MgO), total pressure (including both reduced 0.10–0.15 bar and atmospheric ~0.90 bar pressures), and processing mode (batch and continuous operations). The carbo-thermal and methano-thermal reduction reactions yielded gaseous metal species (Mg and Zn) which were recovered at the reactor outlet as fine and reactive metal powders. Reducing the total pressure favored the conversion of both MgO and ZnO and increased the yields of Mg and Zn. However, a decrease in the total pressure also promoted CO2 production because of a shortened gas residence time, especially in the case of ZnO reduction, whereas CO2 formation was negligible in the case of MgO reduction, whatever the conditions. Continuous reactant co-feeding (corresponding to the mixture of metal oxide and carbon or methane) was also performed during the solar reactor operation, revealing an increase in both gas production yields and reaction extent while increasing the reactant feeding rate. The type of carbon reducer influenced the reaction extent, since a higher conversion of both MgO and ZnO was reached when using carbon with a highly available specific surface area for the reactions. The continuous solar process yielded high-purity magnesium and zinc content in the solar-produced metallic powders, thus confirming the reliability, flexibility, and robustness of the solar reactor and demonstrating a promising solar metallurgical process for the clean conversion of both metal oxides and concentrated solar light to value-added chemicals.

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Thermodynamic and Experimental Investigation of Solar-Driven Biomass Pyro-Gasification Using H2O, CO2, or ZnO Oxidants for Clean Syngas and Metallurgical Zn Production

Cited by 13 publications

References 29 publications

Finite Rate Reaction Mechanism Adapted for Modelling Pseudo-Equilibrium Pyrolysis of Cellulose

Finite Rate Reaction Mechanism Adapted for Modelling Pseudo-Equilibrium Pyrolysis of Cellulose

Carbon-neutral synfuel production via continuous solar H2O and CO2 gasification of oil palm empty fruit bunch

Solar Carbo-Thermal and Methano-Thermal Reduction of MgO and ZnO for Metallic Powder and Syngas Production by Green Extractive Metallurgy

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