Thermodynamic boundaries of energy saving in conventional CCHP (Combined Cooling, Heating and Power) systems

Li, Minzhi; Jiang, Xi; Zheng, Danxing; Zeng, Guangbiao; Shi, Lin

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2015.11.005

Cited by 47 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The ESR is evaluated with consideration of the energy adjustments caused by climate effects based on international standards and energy management regulations . The ESR is defined as the ratio of the amount of energy savings to the adjusted baseline energy use as shown in Eq. :

normalE normalS normalR = \frac{normalΔ E}{E_{ab}},

where Δ E represents the energy savings and E ab represents the adjusted baseline energy use.…”

Section: Evaluation Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The national standards of China then give E ref,p = 354.71 gce/kWh, E ref,c = 80.61 gce/kWh, and E ref,h = 147.25 gce/kWh. Readers are referred to the previous studies about the ESR calculational method .…”

Section: Evaluation Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A ‘general heat‐to‐electricity ratio’ is used to relate the loads for different load combinations:

R = \frac{\frac{C}{C + H} \cdot C + \frac{H}{C + H} \cdot H}{P} = \frac{C^{2} + H^{2}}{P \cdot ((), C + H)},

where R represents the general heat‐to‐electricity ratio.…”

Section: Evaluation Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A 'general heat-to-electricity ratio' [2] is used to relate the loads for different load combinations:…”

Section: General Heat-to-electricity Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiple effects of energy storage units on combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) systems

Zeng

Shi

2016

Int. J. Energy Res.

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Summary Albeit numerous studies discussing manifold issues of combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) systems, there is still lack of theoretical studies indicating to what extent the energy mismatch and the deviating working conditions affect the CCHP performance, absence of reports systematically summarizing the multiple effects of energy saving units (ESUs), and deficiency of research quantifying the benefits from ESUs to energy savings. The shortage of such studies will confuse some CCHP designers when a CCHP system is designed. Therefore, in this research, theoretical discussions have been undertaken about the energy mismatch issue between CCHP systems and their users as well as the multiple effects of ESUs on CCHP systems. An improved calculational method of energy storage rate (ESR) has been adopted to evaluate the energy savings performance of CCHP systems. Two general heat‐to‐electricity ratios (Ruser for CCHP users and RCCHP for CCHP systems) have been used to quantify the energy mismatch between CCHP systems and their users. In the regime of ‘priority of providing cooling’, the ESR reaches its maximum when Ruser is equal to RCCHP. Otherwise, the ESR tends to decrease rapidly, especially when the electrical demand must be supplemented from the grid. Furthermore, when the CCHP system produces more electricity than required, the payment mode of extra electricity from the CCHP system will significantly affect the ESR. Therefore, it is imperative to reach an international consensus regarding the dispose of extra CCHP products. The theoretical analyses also corroborate the advantages of incorporating an ESU into a CCHP system. The ESU enables the CCHP system components to operate at their optimal working conditions. Meanwhile, the power generation unit and the absorption refrigerator capacities can then be reduced. Moreover, the ESU also promotes the productivity of electricity and ensures an undiminished ESR regardless of what extra electricity payment mode is adopted. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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normalE normalS normalR = \frac{normalΔ E}{E_{ab}},

where Δ E represents the energy savings and E ab represents the adjusted baseline energy use.…”

Section: Evaluation Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evaluation Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A ‘general heat‐to‐electricity ratio’ is used to relate the loads for different load combinations:

R = \frac{\frac{C}{C + H} \cdot C + \frac{H}{C + H} \cdot H}{P} = \frac{C^{2} + H^{2}}{P \cdot ((), C + H)},

where R represents the general heat‐to‐electricity ratio.…”

Section: Evaluation Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A 'general heat-to-electricity ratio' [2] is used to relate the loads for different load combinations:…”

Section: General Heat-to-electricity Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiple effects of energy storage units on combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) systems

Zeng

Shi

2016

Int. J. Energy Res.

Self Cite

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“…Under this background, distributed energy resources (DERs) represented by natural gas (NG), solar energy and wind energy are playing more important roles in energy structure with the advantages of abundant resources, little pollutant etc. [2]. Meanwhile, the multi-energy customer demand promotes multi-energy systems integration for achieving higher energy utilization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Multi-objective operation optimization and evaluation model for CCHP and renewable energy based hybrid energy system driven by distributed energy resources in China

Tan

et al. 2016

Energy

146

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a b s t r a c tThis paper construct a CCHP and renewable energy based hybrid energy system driven by distributed energy resources (DERs CCHP). Then, the paper constructs performance indexes from energy, economic and environment. Thirdly, the paper proposes a multi-objective optimization model for DERs CCHP system under four optimization of energy rate (ER), total operation cost (TOC), carbon dioxide emission reductions (CER) and joint optimization. Finally, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center (GHEMC) in China is taken as the object for comparatively analyzing the operation performance of DERs CCHP system and CCHP system driven by natural gas (NG CCHP system). Results show: Joint optimization mode could balance the results of different optimization modes. DERs CCHP system shows better operation performance. ER of ER optimization, CER optimization and joint optimization are higher than that of NG CCHP system. NPV of all optimization modes is positive, IRR are bigger than the expected yield rate. DERs CCHP system could reduce CO 2 emission by utilizing wind energy and solar energy to replace NG. The sensitivity analysis indicates the performance of the DERs CCHP system will become better with the increase of chiller COP, decrease of NG price and wind-photovoltaic equipment cost.

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Advanced exergy analysis of a trigeneration system after multi-objective optimization by GAMS software

Ahmadi

Ghafurian²,

Niazmand³

et al. 2023

J Therm Anal Calorim

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Thermodynamic boundaries of energy saving in conventional CCHP (Combined Cooling, Heating and Power) systems

Cited by 47 publications

References 30 publications

Multiple effects of energy storage units on combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) systems

Multiple effects of energy storage units on combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) systems

Multi-objective operation optimization and evaluation model for CCHP and renewable energy based hybrid energy system driven by distributed energy resources in China

Advanced exergy analysis of a trigeneration system after multi-objective optimization by GAMS software

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