Thermodynamic development and design of a concentrating solar thermochemical water-splitting process for co-production of hydrogen and electricity

Budama, Vishnu Kumar; Johnson, Nathan G.; McDaniel, Anthony H.; Ermanoski, Ivan; Stechel, Ellen B.

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.07.151

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…If compared to research performed with different methodology, the highest experimental efficiency reported for a TCC is 5.25% [43]. Moreover, system efficiencies as high as 38.2% have been published when using less conservative models in different software [56,57]. In contrast, lower ceria flowrates are required for the TCC in the enhanced case, and therefore, less waste heat is produced.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Waste heat at high temperatures (>600 • C) is obtained in several parts of the process, such as exothermal reactors (R-101, R-201 and R-501) and coolers (E-103, E-104, E-203 and E-204). As already suggested by other authors, this heat can be used for powering a Rankine cycle and obtain electricity [56,57]. In large plants, steam Rankine cycles (SRC) are assumed to achieve 40% [58].…”

Section: Heat Integration and Waste Heat Exploitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synergies between Direct Air Capture Technologies and Solar Thermochemical Cycles in the Production of Methanol

2021

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Methanol is an example of a valuable chemical that can be produced from water and carbon dioxide through a chemical process that is fully powered by concentrated solar thermal energy and involves three steps: direct air capture (DAC), thermochemical splitting and methanol synthesis. In the present work, we consider the whole value chain from the harvesting of raw materials to the final product. We also identify synergies between the aforementioned steps and collect them in five possible scenarios aimed to reduce the specific energy consumption. To assess the scenarios, we combined data from low and high temperature DAC with an Aspen Plus® model of a plant that includes water and carbon dioxide splitting units via thermochemical cycles (TCC), CO/CO2 separation, storage and methanol synthesis. We paid special attention to the energy required for the generation of low oxygen partial pressures in the reduction step of the TCC, as well as the overall water consumption. Results show that suggested synergies, in particular, co-generation, are effective and can lead to solar-to-fuel efficiencies up to 10.2% (compared to the 8.8% baseline). In addition, we appoint vacuum as the most adequate strategy for obtaining low oxygen partial pressures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Heat Integration and Waste Heat Exploitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergies between Direct Air Capture Technologies and Solar Thermochemical Cycles in the Production of Methanol

2021

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“…Water is the most abundant and convenient raw material for hydrogen production since its processing via electrolysis produces only hydrogen and oxygen . The electricity needed for water electrolysis must come from renewable resources to convert this technology into a purely green process.…”

Section: Hydrogen Production Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methane Pyrolysis for CO₂‐Free H₂ Production: A Green Process to Overcome Renewable Energies Unsteadiness

Sanchez‐Bastardo

Schlögl

Ruland

2020

Chemie Ingenieur Technik

147

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The Carbon2Chem® project aims to convert exhaust gases from the steel industry into chemicals such as methanol to reduce CO2 emissions. Here, H2 is required for the conversion of CO2 into methanol. Although much effort is put to produce H2 from renewables, the use of fossil fuels, especially natural gas, seems to be fundamental in the short term. For this reason, the development of clean technologies for the processing of natural gas with a low environmental impact has become a topic of utmost importance. In this context, methane pyrolysis has received special attention to produce CO2‐free H2.

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“…Therefore, a logistic regression model is developed to predict the advantage in efficiency for any particular combination of receiver pressure and aperture size. The results of the logistic regression analysis for a two-receiver system compared with a single receiver system are given in Equation (20). The value ðX 2,1 Þ calculated from Equation ( 22) is substituted in Equation ( 23) to predict the probability,…”

Section: Variable Aperture At Constant Dnimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The molar hydrogen production rate ðn : hyd Þ in the watersplitting reactor is calculated using Equation (12). The effectiveness of the reoxidation reaction ðε ox Þ is the ratio between reduction and actual reoxidation extents to that of reduction and equilibrium reoxidation extents ðδ eq ox Þ: [20] n :…”

Section: Single Receiver Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Analysis and Optimization of Solar Thermochemical Water‐Splitting Cycle with Single and Multiple Receivers

et al. 2021

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Solar thermochemical water‐splitting cycle models for hydrogen production with single and multiple receivers working between 1773 and 1173 K are developed. The receiver pressures and aperture sizes are optimized for maximum cycle efficiency. The efficiency of the cycle increases with the number of receivers because of the decrease in vacuum pump work. The solar‐to‐fuel efficiency is increased by 14% going from a one receiver system to a four‐receiver system. The performance analyses of the cycles with varying direct normal irradiance (DNI) shows that the advantage of multiple receivers vanishes as DNI decreases because of the constant radiation losses from the receiver apertures. These radiation losses from the aperture can be lowered when a receiver with a variable aperture size is used. The efficiency of a two‐receiver system increases by 48% at DNI 300 W m−2% and 15% at DNI 900 W m−2 using a variable aperture size. The performance of the multireceiver systems with variable aperture size is discussed using a linear regression model. In addition, the option of cogeneration of hydrogen and electricity in a multireceiver system is analyzed. The efficiencies of single‐, two‐, three‐, and four‐receiver systems for cogeneration are 19.6%, 20.0%, 20.57%, and 21.1%, respectively.

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Thermodynamic development and design of a concentrating solar thermochemical water-splitting process for co-production of hydrogen and electricity

Cited by 26 publications

References 64 publications

Synergies between Direct Air Capture Technologies and Solar Thermochemical Cycles in the Production of Methanol

Synergies between Direct Air Capture Technologies and Solar Thermochemical Cycles in the Production of Methanol

Methane Pyrolysis for CO₂‐Free H₂ Production: A Green Process to Overcome Renewable Energies Unsteadiness

Performance Analysis and Optimization of Solar Thermochemical Water‐Splitting Cycle with Single and Multiple Receivers

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Thermodynamic development and design of a concentrating solar thermochemical water-splitting process for co-production of hydrogen and electricity

Cited by 26 publications

References 64 publications

Synergies between Direct Air Capture Technologies and Solar Thermochemical Cycles in the Production of Methanol

Synergies between Direct Air Capture Technologies and Solar Thermochemical Cycles in the Production of Methanol

Methane Pyrolysis for CO2‐Free H2 Production: A Green Process to Overcome Renewable Energies Unsteadiness

Performance Analysis and Optimization of Solar Thermochemical Water‐Splitting Cycle with Single and Multiple Receivers

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Product

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Methane Pyrolysis for CO₂‐Free H₂ Production: A Green Process to Overcome Renewable Energies Unsteadiness