Thermodynamic equilibrium approach to predict the inorganic interactions of ash from biomass and their mixtures: A critical assessment

Atallah, Emile; Defoort, F.; Pisch, Alexander; Dupont, Capucine

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2022.107369

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…For B2.0K, this decrease was associated with an increase in C2(A,F) by about 3 wt.% and other complementary phases containing potassium, including KAlO2, K2Ca6Si4O15, K2CaSiO4, K2MgSiO4, and K2Ca2Si2O7. Experimental studies on synthesising K-doped clinkers reported potassium aluminate as a product of the clinkering and associated with silicates combined with K2O [19]- [21]. In this sense, thermodynamic modelling corroborated the experimental analyses, presenting possible potassium-doped calcium silicates as minor phases.…”

Section: Phase Evolution During Clinkeringsupporting

confidence: 58%

Thermodynamic Modelling Of Belite Clinker Mineralogy During Manufacture

Costa,

Barbosa,

Kirchheim

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the 9th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering

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The production of belite-rich clinkers is an alternative to reduce the environmental impacts of using fossil fuels, as it decreases the clinkering temperature in cement manufacturing. The sustainability of this approach can be improved by combining it with the coprocessing of industrial by-products as raw materials in clinker production. However, using alternative materials can add impurities that change the stability of the clinker phases. Na2O and K2O are widely available in co-processed materials in the cement industry. However, their effects on all manufacturing steps still need to be clarified, and running extensive experimental programs can be costly and timeconsuming. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of alkali metals Na and K on the phase evolution of belite clinker during manufacturing. The influence of Na and K was evaluated by thermodynamic modelling based on the Gibbs energy minimisation parameters and developed in the FactSage software. The discussion focused on the phase assemblage during heating and cooling in manufacturing, melt phase viscosity, and compatibility with findings from experimental investigations of reference studies. Thermodynamic calculations allowed the accurate modelling of the belitic clinker composition. The modelling results agreed with the findings of previous experimental studies, which reported an increased melt viscosity and the decrease of C2S by about 6 and 12 wt.% in the presence of 2.0 wt.% K2O and 1.5 wt.% Na2O. The alkali metals enhanced the Ca3SiO5 (C3S) content and extended the temperature range of additional Ca2SiO4 α' (C2S) formation on cooling. Ca3(Al,Fe)O6 (C3(A,F)) was destabilised in doped clinkers. With K2O, the decrease was associated with increased Ca2(Al,Fe)O5 (C2(A,F)) and potassium-doped calcium silicates as minor phases (K2Ca6Si4O15, K2CaSiO4, K2MgSiO4, and K2Ca2Si2O7). For Na2O, the decrease resulted in the formation of orthorhombic tricalcium aluminate (C3Ao) and minor phases, including Na2Ca3Al16O28, Na2CaSiO4, NaAlSiO4, Na2MgSiO4, NaFeO2, and Na2SiO3. The alkali metals notably altered the highest melt content from 26.17 wt.% (B) to 40.38 wt.% (2.0% K2O) and 36.95 wt.% (1.5% Na2O). It may cause implications during manufacturing on an industrial scale. However, besides the content, the viscosity of the melt phase also plays a crucial role in the stability of clinker nodules during manufacturing. It can indicate the necessary conditions for the formation of clinker compounds. The highest C3S amount was obtained when the melt viscosity of the systems reached 0.15 ± 0.02 Pa.s.

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Section: Phase Evolution During Clinkeringsupporting

confidence: 58%

Thermodynamic Modelling Of Belite Clinker Mineralogy During Manufacture

Costa,

Barbosa,

Kirchheim

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the 9th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering

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show abstract

“…For B2.0K, this decrease was associated with an increase in C2(A,F) by about 3 wt.% and other complementary phases containing potassium, including KAlO2, K2Ca6Si4O15, K2CaSiO4, K2MgSiO4, and K2Ca2Si2O7. Experimental studies on synthesizing K-doped clinkers reported potassium aluminate as a product of the clinkering and associated with silicates combined with K2O [19]- [21]. In this sense, thermodynamic modelling corroborated the experimental analyses, presenting possible potassium-doped calcium silicates as minor phases.…”

Section: Phase Evolution During Clinkeringsupporting

confidence: 56%

Development of Briquetting Technology For Fine Ore Agglomeration In Sintering Process

Park

2023

Proceedings of the 9th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering

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The production of belite-rich clinkers is an alternative to reduce the environmental impacts of using fossil fuels, as it decreases the clinkering temperature in cement manufacturing. The sustainability of this approach can be improved by combining it with the co-processing of industrial by-products as raw materials in clinker production. However, using alternative materials can add impurities that change the stability of the clinker phases. Na2O and K2O are widely available in co-processed materials in the cement industry. However, their effects on all manufacturing steps still need to be clarified, and running extensive experimental programs can be costly and time-consuming. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of alkali metals Na and K on the phase evolution of belite clinker during manufacturing. The influence of Na and K was evaluated by thermodynamic modelling based on the Gibbs energy minimization parameters and developed in the FactSage software. The discussion focused on the phase assemblage during heating and cooling in manufacturing, melt phase viscosity, and compatibility with findings from experimental investigations of reference studies. Thermodynamic calculations allowed the accurate modelling of the belitic clinker composition. The modelling results agreed with the findings of previous experimental studies, which reported an increased melt viscosity and the decrease of C2S by about 6 and 12 wt.% in the presence of 2.0 wt.% K2O and 1.5 wt.% Na2O. The alkali metals enhanced the Ca3SiO5 (C3S) content and extended the temperature range of additional Ca2SiO4 α' (C2S) formation on cooling. Ca3(Al,Fe)O6 (C3(A,F)) was destabilized in doped clinkers. With K2O, the decrease was associated with increased Ca2(Al,Fe)O5 (C2(A,F)) and potassium-doped calcium silicates as minor phases (K2Ca6Si4O15, K2CaSiO4, K2MgSiO4, and K2Ca2Si2O7). For Na2O, the decrease resulted in the formation of orthorhombic tricalcium aluminate (C3Ao) and minor phases, including Na2Ca3Al16O28, Na2CaSiO4, NaAlSiO4, Na2MgSiO4, NaFeO2, and Na2SiO3. The alkali metals notably altered the highest melt content from 26.17 wt.% (B) to 40.38 wt.% (2.0% K2O) and 36.95 wt.% (1.5% Na2O). It may cause implications during manufacturing on an industrial scale. However, besides the content, the viscosity of the melt phase also plays a crucial role in the stability of clinker nodules during manufacturing. It can indicate the necessary conditions for the formation of clinker compounds. The highest C3S amount was obtained when the melt viscosity of the systems reached 0.15 ± 0.02 Pa.s.

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“…The SlagB database identifies liquid solutions of various oxides that can dissolve sulphur as sulphates. Although sulphates, such as K 2 SO 4 , are commonly found in biomass ash [49], SlagB has never been optimised for the K 2 O-CaO-SiO 2 system. Therefore, SlagA was chosen for this calculation.…”

Section: Thermodynamic Equilibrium Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of Bottom Ashes from Non-Woody Biomass Combustion for Application as Sustainable Supplementary Cementitious Material

Putra,

Dizaji,

Kulshresth

et al. 2024

Energies

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Cement production is an energy- and resource-intensive industry accounting for approximately 7% of global carbon dioxide emissions. Therefore, a key decarbonisation option for the cement industry is to substitute the clinker with so-called supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). Due to its properties and availability, the bottom ash from the biomass combustion process could be suitable as an SCM. Several agricultural residues were collected and analysed. The materials were applied for ashing experiments in a lab-scale muffle furnace, which was operated at different temperatures. The chemical, physical, and mineralogical characterisation of the ashes produced was carried out. In addition, the reactivity of the cementitious paste made from the ashes was measured through lab-scale experiments. The influence of the different ashing temperatures and the additive mixing on the properties of the ashes and cementitious paste was analysed. The results show that the spelt husk ash is the most promising biomass ash, with its high silica content and high pozzolanic reactivity. The bound water of the cementitious paste made from spelt husk ash reaches 7.3 g/100 g paste at 700 °C but decreases to 2.5 g/100 g paste at 900 °C due to the formation of a crystalline structure. Nevertheless, the addition of kaolin to the spelt husk can maintain the reactivity of the spelt husk ash produced at high ashing temperatures by stabilising the amorphous structure in the ash.

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Thermodynamic equilibrium approach to predict the inorganic interactions of ash from biomass and their mixtures: A critical assessment

Cited by 17 publications

References 41 publications

Thermodynamic Modelling Of Belite Clinker Mineralogy During Manufacture

Thermodynamic Modelling Of Belite Clinker Mineralogy During Manufacture

Development of Briquetting Technology For Fine Ore Agglomeration In Sintering Process

Characterisation of Bottom Ashes from Non-Woody Biomass Combustion for Application as Sustainable Supplementary Cementitious Material

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