Thermodynamic insights into the intricate magnetic phase diagram of EuAl$_{4}$

Stability of Skyrmion Crystal Phase in Centrosymmetric Distorted Triangular-Lattice Antiferromagnets

“…This is because a degeneracy between different single-Q spiral states connected by lattice symmetry tends to be the origin of multiple-Q states by forming their superposition. Indeed, the multiple-Q states have been observed in centrosymmetric highsymmetry lattice systems with hexagonal symmetry as Y 3 Co 8 Sn 4 , 34) Gd 2 PdSi 3 , [35][36][37][38] and Gd 3 Ru 4 Al 12 , [39][40][41][42] tetragonal symmetry as GdRu 2 Si 2 , [43][44][45] EuAl 4 , [46][47][48][49][50] and CeAuSb 2 , [51][52][53] and cubic symmetry as SrFeO 3 [54][55][56][57][58] and MnSc 2 S 4 . 59,60) Another feature of the frustrationbased mechanisms is to keep degeneracy for the spin texture due to the presence of the global spin rotation symmetry, which leads to a coexisting state of skyrmions and anti-skyrmions, 8) a replica-symmetry-breaking SkX state, 61) and their dynamics.…”