Thermodynamic Modelling and Characterisation of TiO2 nanoparticles Produced by Wire Explosion Process

Rational Design of TiO–TiO2 Heterostructure/Polypyrrole as a Multifunctional Sulfur Host for Advanced Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

“…It is worth noting that the size of TiO particles (about 1 μm) grew dramatically after calcining due to the nucleation and growth of the TiO 2 nanoparticles. 44 Evidence of the formation of TiO−TiO 2 heterostructure stems from the high-resolution TEM image of H-TiO x (Figure 1e), which shows distinct interlayer spacing of 0.1490 and 2.082 nm, corresponding to the (204) lattice facet of TiO 2 and (200) lattice facet of TiO, respectively. Moreover, the clear interface (orange dotted line) between TiO and TiO 2 can be easily recognized, which can not only accelerate electron transfer but also act as LiPSs absorption sites.…”

“…Obviously, the more Mg was used, the rougher the surface of H-TiO x nanoparticles was etched by concentrated HCl solution, which means more space for sulfur loading and more chemisorption sites for LiPSs immobilization (Figure S2a–c). It is worth noting that the size of TiO particles (about 1 μm) grew dramatically after calcining due to the nucleation and growth of the TiO 2 nanoparticles …”