Thermodynamic performance evaluation of a cascade refrigeration system with mixed refrigerants: R744/R1270, R744/R717 and R744/RE170

Massuchetto, Luiz Henrique Parolin; Nascimento, Raiza Barcelos Corrêa do; Carvalho, Stella Maia Rocha de; Araujo, H. X.; Dangelo, José Vicente Hallak

doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2019.07.005

Cited by 64 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Refrigerant trends in Thailand have shown improvements in increasing energy efficiency and decreasing global-warming potential (GWP), as shown in Figure 3 [8,9], which is related to the hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) phase-down schedule, as shown in Figure 4 [10]. First-and second-generation refrigerants were composed of natural refrigerants and hydrocarbons (HCs), both of which do not impact the environment, have low GWP, and zero ozonedepletion potential (ODP) [11][12][13]. R744 operates under high pressure, and is highly toxic and flammable (Figure 5) [14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation and Analysis of Green Refrigerant Zero ODP as an Alternative Refrigerant Lower Cost and GWP

Saengsikhiao

Taweekun

Maliwan

2021

Preprint

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This research presents the results of investigation and analysis of the environmentally friendly refrigerant for R22 replacement. All refrigerant properties in this research were based on results from the REFPROP and CYCLE_D-HX software of NIST under CAN/ANSI/AHRI540. The results of this work show that HCs R170, R290, R600, R600a, R601, R601a, R1150 and R1270 can be mixed in HFCs R417A, R417B, R422A, R422B, R422C, R422D, R424A, R437A, R438A and R453A and able to be further developed in the future. All refrigerants are non-flammable refrigerants, non-toxic and zero ODP. The R453A mixed with HCs R600 (0.6%) and R601a (0.6%) and is COPc refrigerant close to that of R22 refrigerant. In conclusion, it can be used as an environmentally friendly and energy efficiency replacement for R22. All refrigerants are also refrigerants that are matched with the 4th generation refrigerants with the use of natural refrigerants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation and Analysis of Green Refrigerant Zero ODP as an Alternative Refrigerant Lower Cost and GWP

Saengsikhiao

Taweekun

Maliwan

2021

Preprint

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“…Refrigerant trends in Thailand have shown improvements in increasing energy efficiency and decreasing global-warming potential (GWP), as shown in Figure 3 [7,8], which is related to the hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) phase-down schedule, as shown in Figure 4 [9]. First-and second-generation refrigerants were composed of natural refrigerants and hydrocarbons (HCs), both of which do not impact the environment, have low GWP, and zero ozone-depletion potential (ODP) [10][11][12]. R744 operates under high pressure, and is highly toxic and flammable ( Figure 5) [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation and Analysis of R463A as an Alternative Refrigerant to R404A with Lower Global Warming Potential

et al. 2020

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This research presents the development of R463A refrigerant, a nonflammable refrigerant that was retrofitted to replace R404A. R463A is primarily composed of hydrofluorocarbons/hydrocarbons/carbon dioxide (HFCs/HCs/CO2), and has global-warming potential (GWP) of 1494. It is a nonazeotropic mixture of R32 (36%), R125 (30%), R134a (14%), R1234yf (14%), and R744 (6%). R463A is composed of polyol ester oil (POE), and it is classified as a Class A1 incombustible and nontoxic refrigerant. R463A has a higher cooling capacity (Qe) than that of R404A, as it is composed of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) R32 and carbon dioxide (CO2) R744, and has lower GWP than that of R404A due to the use of hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) from R1234yf. The results of this research showed that R463A can be retrofitted to replace R404A due to its composition of POE, Class A1 incombustibility, and lower toxicity. The properties of R463A and R404A, as analyzed using national institute of standards and technology (NIST) reference fluid thermodynamic and transport properties database (REFPROP) software and NIST vapor compression cycle model accounting for refrigerant thermodynamic and transport properties (CYCLE_D-HX) software, are in accordance with the CAN/ANSI/AHRI540 standards of the Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI). The normal boiling point of R463A was found to be higher than that of R404A by 23%, with a higher cooling capacity and a 63% lower GWP value than that of R404A. The critical pressure and temperature of R463A were found to be higher than those of R404A; it can be used in a high-ambient-temperature environment, has higher refrigerant and heat-rejection effects, and has lower GWP than that of R404A by 52% due to the HFOs from the R1234yf component. The cooling coefficient of performance (COPc) of R463A was found to be higher than that of R404A by 10% under low-temperature applications. R463A is another refrigerant option that is composed of 7% carbon dioxide (CO2), and is consistent with the evolution of fourth-generation refrigerants that contain a mixture of HFCs, HFOs, HCs, and natural refrigerants, which are required to produce a low-GWP, zero-ozone-depletion-potential (ODP), high-capacity, low-operating-pressure, and nontoxic refrigerant.

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“…It is possible to solve the problem cardinally by using natural working substances, among which carbon dioxide stands out favorably, having a global warming coefficient (GWP) equal to one, CO2 is nontoxic, relatively inert, non-combustible, its use is not subject to additional regulation, the substance has a greater heat of the phase transition, which allows the use of compressors with lower volumetric capacity. Carbon dioxide has already become quite firmly in use in low-temperature commercial and industrial refrigeration systems, which are built on the principle of cascade and transcritical [10][11][12][13], is used in heat pumps as a pure substance and in mixtures [14,15], acts as a cooling agent in low-temperature processing of metals [16][17][18], is used as a high-temperature coolant in gaseous form [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low temperature vacuum sublimation refrigerators on carbon dioxide as working fluid

Порутчиков

Trubin

2020

MATEC Web Conf.

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The paper presents the results of theoretical and experimental analysis of a vacuum-freeze-drying refrigeration machine based on carbon dioxide. Such refrigeration machines can be equipped with refrigerators for the needs of medicine, where low temperatures are widely in demand in the range from minus 80 degrees Celsius to minus 130 degrees Celsius. The problem of developing alternative refrigeration machines is dictated by modern environmental requirements for working substances, which are gradually being tightened and soon the use of familiar freons will become impossible. For the air conditioning and commercial refrigeration industry, new substances are being actively developed, such as hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs), hydrocarbons can also serve as substitutes for hydrofluorocarbons and their mixtures, but it must be considered that they are combustible and explosive. A carbon dioxide vacuum sublimation unit may be an alternative to modern freon vapor compression refrigeration units for the indicated temperature range, but subject to comparable energy costs during its operation. The article examined the three-stage and four-stage cycles of a vacuum-freeze-drying refrigeration machine, conducted their theoretical comparison in terms of COP with a cascade cycle on hydrocarbon working substances. It can be noted that the COP of the considered cycles are close, but the environmental friendliness, safety and non-combustibility of carbon dioxide gives the advantages of a vacuum freeze-drying refrigeration machine.

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Thermodynamic performance evaluation of a cascade refrigeration system with mixed refrigerants: R744/R1270, R744/R717 and R744/RE170

Cited by 64 publications

References 54 publications

Investigation and Analysis of Green Refrigerant Zero ODP as an Alternative Refrigerant Lower Cost and GWP

Investigation and Analysis of Green Refrigerant Zero ODP as an Alternative Refrigerant Lower Cost and GWP

Investigation and Analysis of R463A as an Alternative Refrigerant to R404A with Lower Global Warming Potential

Low temperature vacuum sublimation refrigerators on carbon dioxide as working fluid

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