Pyrometallurgical reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel was now considered as one of the most promising options for an innovative nuclear fuel cycle. In this paper, the electrochemical behavior of Sm(III) and Dy(III) was studied by cyclic voltammetry in KCl-LiCl molten salts. Addition of magnesium chloride resulted in positive deposition potential of Dy(III), lower electrolysis temperature and higher recovery ratio of rare earth. According to different deposition potentials of Sm(III) and Dy(III), electrolysis in the molten KCl-LiCl-MgCl 2 system constituted the main step in this reprocess, where SmCl 3 was separated from the SmCl 3 -DyCl 3 system at -2.20 V (vs. Ag/AgCl reference electrode) and the DyCl 3 were formed the Dy-Mg alloys. It was proved that the main structures of the obtained alloys were Dy and DyMg 3 without Sm by the analysis of XRD of alloys.