2018
DOI: 10.5194/os-14-471-2018
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Thermodynamic properties of seawater, ice and humid air: TEOS-10, before and beyond

Abstract: Abstract. In the terrestrial climate system, water is a key player in the form of its different ambient phases of ice, liquid and vapour, admixed with sea salt in the ocean and with dry air in the atmosphere. For proper balances of climatic energy and entropy fluxes in models and observations, a highly accurate, consistent and comprehensive thermodynamic standard framework is requisite in geophysics and climate research. The new Thermodynamic Equation of Seawater -2010 (TEOS-10) constitutes such a standard for… Show more

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Cited by 62 publications
(79 citation statements)
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“…At low temperatures, typically about 10 K, thermal energy falls below the finite excitation energy of other quantum states, and the cubic law starts dominating the heat capacity. For example, the reference equation of state for hexagonal ice (Feistel and Wagner [ 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 ], Feistel [ 18 ]) obeys those Debye [ 74 ] and Grüneisen [ 79 ] laws, consistently with experimental data. For amorphous solids, the transition temperature may be even lower (Gutzow and Schmelzer [ 5 ], p. 209).…”
Section: Figure A1supporting
confidence: 57%
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“…At low temperatures, typically about 10 K, thermal energy falls below the finite excitation energy of other quantum states, and the cubic law starts dominating the heat capacity. For example, the reference equation of state for hexagonal ice (Feistel and Wagner [ 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 ], Feistel [ 18 ]) obeys those Debye [ 74 ] and Grüneisen [ 79 ] laws, consistently with experimental data. For amorphous solids, the transition temperature may be even lower (Gutzow and Schmelzer [ 5 ], p. 209).…”
Section: Figure A1supporting
confidence: 57%
“…Equation (4) serves as the definition of Clausius entropy in this paper. Note that definitions formally deviating from Equation (4) may be considered elsewhere for certain reasons, such as specifying T ref in Equation (2) by the triple point of water in order to reduce the uncertainty of empirical equations (Feistel [ 18 ]), or by the melting temperature of metastable, glass-like solids. Such arbitrary definitions, if deviating from Equation (4) by merely a numerical constant, do neither affect any measurable thermodynamic properties nor the physical description of natural processes.…”
Section: Clausius Entropymentioning
confidence: 99%
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