Thermodynamic uncertainty relations for bosonic Otto engines

Two-stroke Quantum Measurement Heat Engine

“…Since p β < 1/2, we immediately notice that Eq. ( 18) guarantees p M ≥ p β -establishing the measurement 'bath' as an analogue to the hot bath in the usual two-stroke heat engines considered in [20][21][22][23]. This could also have been anticipated from the fact that the measurement inputs energy in general [9].…”

“…( 1). As mentioned before, we adopt a TMA strategy as in previous works [21][22][23] and write the characteristic function corresponding to the joint probability distribution function p(w, ∆E A ) of the work input by the unitary, w, and the energy change of sub-system A, ∆E A as:…”

“…Thus the parameter β M controls the effective temperature of the "hot"-measurement bath and by changing β M , we can tune the effective temperature of A from the temperature of the cold bath β to infinite temperature. With this, for the partial swap unitary we can naturally write down the average work, for both monitored and unmonitored cases, as [20][21][22][23]:…”

“…In this paper we propose and analyze the theoretical model for a two-stroke heat engine with bipartite working fuel systems [20][21][22][23] with one of the thermal heat baths replaced by a non-selective quantum measurement. The measurement 'bath' will be described by a collection of Positive Operator Valued Measure (POVM) operators.…”

“…Conventional two stroke heat engines involve a working fuel made up of two sub-systems A and B that are subject to a unitary work stroke corresponding to an interaction that is turned on and off between the sub-systems. This is followed by a heat stroke where the systems (that no longer interact with each other) are subject to individual thermal baths [20][21][22][23]. In this manner, they provide a clear realization of a quantum heat engine with heat exchange and work exchange separated.…”