Thermodynamics and Inflammation: Insights into Quantum Biology and Ageing

Abstract

Inflammation as a biological concept has been around a long time and derives from the Latin “to set on fire” and refers to the redness and heat, and usually swelling, which accompanies injury and infection. Chronic inflammation is also associated with ageing and is described by the term “inflammaging”. Likewise, the biological concept of hormesis, in the guise of what “does not kill you, makes you stronger”, has long been recognized, but in contrast, seems to have anti-inflammatory and age-slowing characteristics. As both phenomena act to restore homeostasis, they may share some common underlying principles. Thermodynamics describes the relationship between heat and energy, but is also intimately related to quantum mechanics. Life can be viewed as a series of self-renewing dissipative structures existing far from equilibrium as vortexes of “negentropy” that ages and dies; but, through reproduction and speciation, new robust structures are created, enabling life to adapt and continue in response to ever changing environments. In short, life can be viewed as a natural consequence of thermodynamics to dissipate energy to restore equilibrium; each component of this system is replaceable. However, at the molecular level, there is perhaps a deeper question: is life dependent on, or has it enhanced, quantum effects in space and time beyond those normally expected at the atomistic scale and temperatures that life operates at? There is some evidence it has. Certainly, the dissipative adaptive mechanism described by thermodynamics is now being extended into the quantum realm. Fascinating though this topic is, does exploring the relationship between quantum mechanics, thermodynamics, and biology give us a greater insight into ageing and, thus, medicine? It could be said that hormesis and inflammation are expressions of thermodynamic and quantum principles that control ageing via natural selection that could operate at all scales of life. Inflammation could be viewed as a mechanism to remove inefficient systems in response to stress to enable rebuilding of more functional dissipative structures, and hormesis as the process describing the ability to adapt; underlying this is the manipulation of fundamental quantum principles. Defining what “quantum biological normality” is has been a long-term problem, but perhaps we do not need to, as it is simply an expression of one end of the normal quantum mechanical spectrum, implying that biology could inform us as to how we can define the quantum world.

Bioelectric Fields at the Beginnings of Life

“…It perhaps also redefines what we mean by “inflammation”; if it cannot be fixed, remove it, but with the novel viewpoint that it is acting at the global level—everything, from the scale of molecules all the way up to whole species is replaceable, as long as life itself survives. 61 …”

“…We have, in another article, discussed how thermodynamics and the quantum world could, perhaps, explain inflammation and death as inflammation describes a process to try and restore a functional dissipative structure following stress. 61 When viewed from the field concept, it would suggest that there comes a point when an organism can no longer maintain a dissipative field, either because its structure become badly damaged, or it can no longer repair it, with the latter ability decreasing with age; it therefore dies. However, many organisms, or their eggs/spores, can survive quite harsh conditions.…”

Avogadro Number’s-oriented HyperGeometric and ChebyshevT Functions for Black Hole Paradox Generalizations and Turing Machine Ruled Quantum Homeopathy Water Memory Entanglements for the Translation of COVID19 Homeopathy Remedies into the Neprilysin and ACE

“…[1- 21,24] During the 1880s, a German pharmacologist Hugo Schultz observed a biphasic dose response characterized by a low dose stimulationand high dose inhibition, indicating that this initial dose dependent toxicity response, which is frequently observed in homoeopathy too could provoke an initial aggravation of symptoms of the patient followed by a compensatory/rebound response. In the beginning, he diluted his drugs simply up to the level that ended their toxicity, and indications to administer them according to the principle of similars were not known enough except fortoxicity they cause when using plant substances and liquids, Hahnemann diluted the solution with water or a mixture of alcohol and water.…”

“…After each dilution, he vigorously shaked (he used the term "succuss" which is a type of more forceful shaking) the mixture at least 40 times. When he used mineral agents and various chemicals that were insoluble in water/alcohol, he diluted them with lactose (milk sugar) and triturated (i.e., grinded) the mixture since in the 1960s, Cyrus Levinthal pointed out that the apparent contradiction between the astronomical number of possible conformations for a protein chain and the fact that proteins can fold quickly into their native structures should be regarded as a paradox, known as Levinthal's paradox [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][22][23][24][25][26]. Calabrese states it more accurately as, "It is a dose-timeresponse relationship in which there is such that at low doses the response becomes greater than the original background state or control group value in an initial dose-dependent toxicity response".…”

The isothermal Boltzmann–Gibbs entropy reduction affects survival of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster

“…In this case, an explanation of the basic mechanisms governing metabolic processes that occur in living organisms is required. Most importantly, the study of energy flow or transfers in the following aspects is desired: quantum, thermodynamic, chemical, electrical, magnetic, mechanical, and structural (fractal information, for example, protein and DNA) 5 .…”