Thermodynamics and separation factor of uranium from lanthanum in liquid eutectic gallium-indium alloy/molten salt system

Smolenski, Valeri; Новоселова, А. В.; Осипенко, А. Г.; Maërshin, A. A.

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2014.08.081

Cited by 36 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In the case of U-Pu-Cd alloys, Cd concentration in the final product is below 100 ppm [16] . However, the lanthanides/actinides separation factor on these reactive cathodes is lower than on an inert solid cathode [17] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Electrochemistry of uranium in molten LiCl-LiF

Geran

Chamelot

Serp

et al. 2020

Electrochimica Acta

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This work is focused on the electrochemical behaviour of uranium in molten eutectic LiCl-LiF (70-30 mol%) in the 550-650 °C temperature range. On tungsten electrode, U(III) ions were reduced in one step to U metal exchanging 3 electrons and oxidized also in one step to U(IV) exchanging one electron. Both systems were studied by cyclic and square wave voltammetries and chronopotentiometry. The reduction and oxidation mechanisms of U(III) ions were found to be diffusion controlled processes. The diffusion coefficient of U(III) was measured at different temperatures, and it followed an Arrhenius "type law". Apparent standard potentials were measured in chloride-fluoride (LiCl-LiF eutectic) and pure chloride media (LiC-KCl eutectic). The addition of fluoride ions into a chloride salt leads to the formation of more stable complexes reduced at more negative potentials. This shift of reduction potentials is more pronounced for the U(IV)/U(III) transition ( ~5 00 mV) than for the U(III)/U system ( ~1 00 mV).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Electrochemistry of uranium in molten LiCl-LiF

Geran

Chamelot

Serp

et al. 2020

Electrochimica Acta

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“…1, with a two electrodes setup under dry argon atmosphere using an AUTOLAB PGSTAT 30 (EcoChimie) potensiostat-galvanostat controlled by GPES software (version 4.9). The data on La 3+ /La and U 3+ /U apparent standard potentials in 3LiCl-2KCl eutectic were taken from the literature [29].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic properties of La–Ga–Al and U–Ga–Al alloys and the separation factor of U/La couple in the molten salt–liquid metal system

Новоселова

Smolenski

Volkovich

et al. 2015

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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“…Understanding the properties of lanthanides in chloride melts is highly desirable for a variety of cases including fission products and the recovery of rare earth metals by molten salt electrolysis. − In addition, LaCl 3 has long been studied as a structural analogue to UCl 3 ,, and more experimental data exists for LaCl 3 than UCl 3 , partly due to its lower cost and ease of handling. Mixtures of LaCl 3 in alkali halides also serve as excellent surrogate systems for understanding UCl 3 fuel salt mixtures for molten salt nuclear reactors (MSRs). , Iwadate published an extensive review on the structure of molten salts and thoroughly discussed the state of the art at the time on MCl 3 -containing salts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete Description of the LaCl₃–NaCl Melt Structure and the Concept of a Spacer Salt That Causes Structural Heterogeneity

et al. 2022

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Lanthanides are important fission products in molten salt reactors, and understanding their structure and that of their mixtures is relevant to many scientific and technological problems including the recovery and separation of rare earth elements using molten salt electrolysis. The literature on molten salts and specifically on LaCl 3 and LaCl 3 −NaCl mixtures is often fragmented, with different experiments and simulations coinciding in their explanation for certain structural results but contradicting or questioning for others. Given the very practical importance that actinide and lanthanide salts have for energy applications, it is imperative to arrive at a clear unified picture of their local and intermediate-range structure in the neat molten state and when mixed with other salts. This article aims to unequivocally answer a set of specific questions: is it correct to think of long-lived octahedral coordination structures for La 3+ ? What is the nature as a function of temperature of networks and intermediate-range order particularly upon dilution of the trivalent ion salt? Is the so-called scattering first sharp diffraction peak (FSDP) for neat LaCl 3 truly indicative of intermediate-range order? If so, why is there a new lower-q peak when mixed with NaCl? Are X-ray scattering and Raman spectroscopy results fully consistent and easily described by simulation results? We will show that answers to these questions require that we abandon the idea of a most prominent coordination state for M 3+ ions and instead think of multiple competing coordination states in exchange due to significant thermal energy in the molten state.

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Thermodynamics and separation factor of uranium from lanthanum in liquid eutectic gallium-indium alloy/molten salt system

Cited by 36 publications

References 32 publications

Electrochemistry of uranium in molten LiCl-LiF

Electrochemistry of uranium in molten LiCl-LiF

Thermodynamic properties of La–Ga–Al and U–Ga–Al alloys and the separation factor of U/La couple in the molten salt–liquid metal system

Complete Description of the LaCl₃–NaCl Melt Structure and the Concept of a Spacer Salt That Causes Structural Heterogeneity

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Thermodynamics and separation factor of uranium from lanthanum in liquid eutectic gallium-indium alloy/molten salt system

Cited by 36 publications

References 32 publications

Electrochemistry of uranium in molten LiCl-LiF

Electrochemistry of uranium in molten LiCl-LiF

Thermodynamic properties of La–Ga–Al and U–Ga–Al alloys and the separation factor of U/La couple in the molten salt–liquid metal system

Complete Description of the LaCl3–NaCl Melt Structure and the Concept of a Spacer Salt That Causes Structural Heterogeneity

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Product

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About

Complete Description of the LaCl₃–NaCl Melt Structure and the Concept of a Spacer Salt That Causes Structural Heterogeneity