Thermodynamics and Thermodynamic Nonideality

Wills, Peter R.; Scott, David J.; Winzor, Donald J.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-35943-9_287-1

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In aqueous solution, water molecules exhibit particularly strong hydrogen bonding with various organic functional groups, carboxylate moieties in particular [29]. Factors such as hydration, ion-pairing, and dimerization can be significant contributors to thermodynamic nonideality [30] and can dramatically impact the osmotic performance of FO draw solutions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonideal Solution Behavior in Forward Osmosis Processes Using Magnetic Nanoparticles

Roach¹,

Bondaruk²,

Burney³

2018

Osmotically Driven Membrane Processes - Approach, Development and Current Status

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Despite the tremendous progress made toward the realization of wider application for forward osmosis (FO) technologies, lack of suitable draw solutes that provide high water flux, low reverse solute flux, and facile recovery has hindered commercial development. An extensive variety of osmotic agents have been investigated during the past decade, and while simple inorganic salts remain the most widely used, organic-coated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) offer exploitable properties that hold great promise. In addition to size-mitigated reverse flux and low-cost recovery via magnetic separation, devitalized MNPs provide enhanced osmotic performance when compared to that of the ungrafted coating material at similar concentration levels, a consequence of greater nonideal solution behavior. This nonideality has been assessed using a simple, semiempirical model and is largely attributable to the increased solvent-accessible surface area and enhanced hydration. When attached to MNPs, polymers appear to behave osmotically as much smaller molecules, providing higher osmotic pressures and improved FO performance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonideal Solution Behavior in Forward Osmosis Processes Using Magnetic Nanoparticles

Roach¹,

Bondaruk²,

Burney³

2018

Osmotically Driven Membrane Processes - Approach, Development and Current Status

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“… 1. According to [115], the thermodynamic non-idealities are related to a phenomenon that pertains to a thermodynamic system, like, for instance, a gas, and that occurs through the ‘storage of potential energy’ among the molecules of the system itself as a result of the interactions among such molecules. The main consequence of the non-idealities is that the concentrations of the molecules turn out to be different from those expected in the absence of the energy storage among them. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of non-local diffusion in avascular tumour growth

Ramírez-Torres

Stefano

Grillo

2021

Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids

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The availability and evolution of chemical agents play an important role in the growth of a tumour and, therefore, the mathematical description of their consumption is of special interest. Usually, Fick’s law of diffusion is adopted for describing the local character of the evolution of chemicals. However, in a highly complex, heterogeneous medium, as is a tumour, the progression of chemical species could be influenced by non-local interactions. In this respect, our goal is to investigate the influence of such types of diffusion on the growth of a tumour in the avascular stage. For our purposes, we consider a diffusion equation for the evolution of the chemical agents that accounts for the existence of non-local interactions in a non-Fickean manner, and that involves notions of fractional calculus. In particular, the introduction of derivatives or integrals of fractional type of order [Formula: see text] has proven to be an effective mathematical tool in the description of various non-local phenomena. To achieve our goals, we adopt part of the modelling assumptions outlined in previous works, in which the growth of a tumour is described in terms of mass transfer among the tumour’s constituents and structural changes that occur in the tumour itself in response to growth. The latter ones are characterised by means of the Bilby–Kröner–Lee decomposition of the deformation gradient tensor. We perform numerical simulations, whose results indicate the relevance of embracing a fractional framework in modelling tumour growth. Specifically, the real parameter [Formula: see text]‘dominates’ the way in which the tumour grows, since it permits the modelling of a variety of growth patterns ranging from the standard growth to no growth at all.

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Thermodynamics and Thermodynamic Nonideality

Cited by 2 publications

References 16 publications

Nonideal Solution Behavior in Forward Osmosis Processes Using Magnetic Nanoparticles

Nonideal Solution Behavior in Forward Osmosis Processes Using Magnetic Nanoparticles

Influence of non-local diffusion in avascular tumour growth

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