We consider a generalization of the constitutive equation for an incompressible second order fluid, by including thermal and viscoelastic effects in the expression for the stress tensor. The presence of the histories of the strain rate tensor and its gradient yields a non-simple material, for which the laws of thermodynamics assume a modified form. These laws are expressed in terms of the internal mechanical power which is evaluated, using the dynamical equation for the fluid. Generalized thermodynamic constraints on the constitutive equation are presented. The required properties of free energy functionals are discussed. In particular, it is shown that they differ from the standard Graffi conditions. Various free energy functionals, which are well-known in relation to simple materials, are generalized so that they apply to this fluid. In particular, expressions for the minimum free energy and a more recently
AbstractWe consider a generalization of the constitutive equation for an incompressible second order fluid, by including thermal and viscoelastic effects in the expression for the stress tensor. The presence of the histories of the strain rate tensor and its gradient yields a non-simple material, for which the laws of thermodynamics assume a modified form. These laws are expressed in terms of the internal mechanical power which is evaluated, using the dynamical equation for the fluid. Generalized thermodynamic constraints on the constitutive equation are presented. The required properties of free energy functionals are discussed. In particular, it is shown that they differ from the standard Graffi conditions. Various free energy functionals, which are well-known in relation to simple materials, are generalized so that they apply to this fluid. In particular, expressions for the minimum free energy and a more recently introduced explicit functional of G. Amendola