Thermodynamics of high-temperature, high-pressure water electrolysis

Todd, Devin; Schwager, Maximilian; Mérida, Walter

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.06.144

Cited by 62 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…(111,112) A third strategy is the application of work; added work to a system can perturb to a steady state away from equilibrium. (113,114,115,116) A dynamic catalyst surface with oscillating binding energies provides work to adsorbates to move the steady-state reaction away from equilibrium. (52) As depicted in Figure 5a, the simulated A-to-B surface-catalyzed reaction in a batch reactor operating under dynamic conditions approaches a steady state different from equilibrium, independent of the starting composition of the batch reactor.…”

Section: Forced Catalytic Dynamics -Tunable Surface Species Forced Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Catalytic Mechanics of Dynamic Surfaces: Stimulating Methods for Promoting Catalytic Resonance

et al. 2020

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Transformational catalytic performance in rate and selectivity is obtainable through catalysts that change on the time scale of catalytic turnover frequency. In this work, dynamic catalysts are defined in the context and history of forced and passive dynamic chemical systems, with classification of unique catalyst behaviors based on temporally-relevant linear scaling parameters. The conditions leading to catalytic rate and selectivity enhancement are described as modifying the local electronic or steric environment of the active site to independently accelerate sequential elementary steps of an overall catalytic cycle. These concepts are related to physical systems and devices that stimulate a catalyst using light, vibrations, strain, and electronic manipulations including electrocatalysis, back-gating of catalyst surfaces, and introduction of surface electric fields via solid electrolytes and ferroelectrics. These catalytic stimuli are then compared for capability to improve catalysis across some of the most important chemical challenges for energy, materials, and sustainability. File list (2) download file view on ChemRxiv Perspective_Manuscript_ChemRxiv.pdf (3.88 MiB) download file view on ChemRxiv Perspective_Supporting_Information_ChemRxiv.pdf (149.75 KiB)

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Section: Forced Catalytic Dynamics -Tunable Surface Species Forced Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Catalytic Mechanics of Dynamic Surfaces: Stimulating Methods for Promoting Catalytic Resonance

et al. 2020

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“…Although allowing the use of low-cost non-noble electrodes [12,13], alkaline electrolysis suffers from lower electrolyte conductivities and lower load flexibilities (less capable to be operated at varying low partial current loads) [4,14]. On the other hand, the PEM acidic electrolysis requires noble metal catalysts for both electrodes, the loading of which must be kept at a minimum [15,16]. The PEC device schemes, on the other hand, require the deployment of at least one, either the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) or the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalyst, or in some configurations also of both electrocatalysts in a layered format on top of conducting oxidic interlayers (buried junctions) or on the semiconductor directly (classical junctions) [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Surface Hydroxylation, Lattice Vacancies and Bond Covalency in the Electrochemical Oxidation of Water (OER) on Ni-Depleted Iridium Oxide Catalysts

Nong

Tran

Spöri

et al. 2019

Zeitschrift Für Physikalische Chemie

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The usage of iridium as an oxygen-evolution-reaction (OER) electrocatalyst requires very high atom efficiencies paired with high activity and stability. Our efforts during the past 6 years in the Priority Program 1613 funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) were focused to mitigate the molecular origin of kinetic overpotentials of Ir-based OER catalysts and to design new materials to achieve that Ir-based catalysts are more atom and energy efficient, as well as stable. Approaches involved are: (1) use of bimetallic mixed metal oxide materials where Ir is combined with cheaper transition metals as starting materials, (2) use of dealloying concepts of nanometer sized core-shell particle with a thin noble metal oxide shell combined with a hollow or cheap transition metal-rich alloy core, and (3) use of corrosion-resistant high-surface-area oxide support materials. In this mini review, we have highlighted selected advances in our understanding of Ir–Ni bimetallic oxide electrocatalysts for the OER in acidic environments.

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“…The present analysis compares performance using ideal-gas and real-gas Helmholtz equations of state. Todd et al [40] investigated the thermodynamics of high-temperature and high-pressure water electrolysis using high-fidelity non-ideal equations of state.…”

Section: Compression Thermodynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic Insights for Electrochemical Hydrogen Compression with Proton-Conducting Membranes

et al. 2019

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Membrane electrode assemblies (MEA) based on proton-conducting electrolyte membranes offer opportunities for the electrochemical compression of hydrogen. Mechanical hydrogen compression, which is more-mature technology, can suffer from low reliability, noise, and maintenance costs. Proton-conducting electrolyte membranes may be polymers (e.g., Nafion) or protonic-ceramics (e.g., yttrium-doped barium zirconates). Using a thermodynamics-based analysis, the paper explores technology implications for these two membrane types. The operating temperature has a dominant influence on the technology, with polymers needing low-temperature and protonic-ceramics needing elevated temperatures. Polymer membranes usually require pure hydrogen feed streams, but can compress H 2 efficiently. Reactors based on protonic-ceramics can effectively integrate steam reforming, hydrogen separation, and electrochemical compression. However, because of the high temperature (e.g., 600 ° C) needed to enable viable proton conductivity, the efficiency of protonic-ceramic compression is significantly lower than that of polymer-membrane compression. The thermodynamics analysis suggests significant benefits associated with systems that combine protonic-ceramic reactors to reform fuels and deliver lightly compressed H 2 (e.g., 5 bar) to an electrochemical compressor using a polymer electrolyte to compress to very high pressure.

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Thermodynamics of high-temperature, high-pressure water electrolysis

Cited by 62 publications

References 12 publications

The Catalytic Mechanics of Dynamic Surfaces: Stimulating Methods for Promoting Catalytic Resonance

The Catalytic Mechanics of Dynamic Surfaces: Stimulating Methods for Promoting Catalytic Resonance

The Role of Surface Hydroxylation, Lattice Vacancies and Bond Covalency in the Electrochemical Oxidation of Water (OER) on Ni-Depleted Iridium Oxide Catalysts

Thermodynamic Insights for Electrochemical Hydrogen Compression with Proton-Conducting Membranes

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