Thermodynamics of Highly Interacting Blend PCHMA/dPS by TOF-SANS

Abstract

We investigate the thermodynamics of a highly interacting blend of poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate)/deuterated poly(styrene) (PCHMA/dPS) with small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). This system is experimentally challenging due to the proximity of the blend phase boundary (>200 °C) and degradation temperatures. To achieve the large wavenumber q-range and flux required for kinetic experiments, we employ a SANS diffractometer in time-of-flight (TOF) mode at a reactor source and ancillary microscopy, calorimetry, and thermal gravimetric analysis. Isothermal SANS data are well described by random-phase approximation (RPA), yielding the second derivative of the free energy of mixing (G″), the effective interaction (χ ̅ ) parameter, and extrapolated spinodal temperatures. Instead of the Cahn−Hilliard−Cook (CHC) framework, temperature (T)-jump experiments within the one-phase region are found to be well described by the RPA at all temperatures away from the glass transition temperature, providing effectively near-equilibrium results. We employ CHC theory to estimate the blend mobility and G″(T) conditions where such an approximation holds. TOF-SANS is then used to precisely resolve G″(T) and χ ̅ (T) during T-jumps in intervals of a few seconds and overall timescales of a few minutes. PCHMA/dPS emerges as a highly interacting partially miscible blend, with a steep dependence of G″(T) [mol/cm 3 ] = −0.00228 + 1.1821/T [K], which we benchmark against previously reported highly interacting lower critical solution temperature (LCST) polymer blends.