Thermodynamics of Rubber Elasticity

Pellicer, J.; Manzanares, José A.; Zúñiga, J.; Utrillas, M. P.; Fernández, Josefa

doi:10.1021/ed078p263

Cited by 22 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Here, the rising relaxation modulus as temperature increases is referred to as thermoelastic inversion, which relates to the elastomer's entropy‐elastic properties . The relation in Eq.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of electrical conductivity and other related properties of epoxidized natural rubber/carbon nanotube composites by optimizing concentration of 3‐aminopropyltriethoxy silane

Nakaramontri

Nakason

Kummerlöwe

et al. 2016

Polymer Engineering & Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Carbon nanotube (CNT)-filled epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) composites were prepared by mixing in an internal mixer and thereafter on a two-roll mill. Silane coupling agent, namely 3-aminopropyltriethoxy silane (APTES), was directly incorporated in the ENR-CNT composites during mixing of rubber and CNTs in the mixer, to perform in situ functionalization. It was found that pre-crosslinking of ENR and APTES occurred especially at high APTES concentrations, such as 0.06 mL/(g of CNTs) and caused strong CNT agglomeration in the ENR matrix. However, the pre-crosslinking could be reduced or avoided by decreasing the APTES concentration. In the concentration range 0.01-0.015 mL/(g of CNTs) of APTES, the APTES molecules were grafted on the CNT surfaces and generated new chemical linkages with the ENR. This improved the CNT dispersion in the ENR matrix and enhanced the composite properties. A very low approximately 0.5 phr of CNT threshold concentration for electric percolation was achieved in this type of composites. Also, threedimensional connected CNT networks were found to form in the ENR matrix at very low APTES levels. Thus, the electrical conductivity achieved in these composites reached the level required of conductive materials.

show abstract

“…Here, the rising relaxation modulus as temperature increases is referred to as thermoelastic inversion, which relates to the elastomer's entropy‐elastic properties . The relation in Eq.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of electrical conductivity and other related properties of epoxidized natural rubber/carbon nanotube composites by optimizing concentration of 3‐aminopropyltriethoxy silane

Nakaramontri

Nakason

Kummerlöwe

et al. 2016

Polymer Engineering & Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“… < 1.1, a negative value of  was found experimentally. The transition from a negative to a positive value of the temperature coefficient is known as thermoelastic inversion (Pellicer, 2001) . The phenomenon of thermoelastic inversion is not predicted by theory but, it was shown early (Anthony et al, 1942) and has been confirmed by own measurements (Vennemann & Heinz, 2008), this apparent contradiction results only from thermal expansion of the sample.…”

Section: Rubber Elasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Thermoplastic Elastomers by Means of Temperature Scanning Stress Relaxation Measurements

Vennemann¹

2012

Thermoplastic Elastomers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The aim of the present study is to determine the mechanical behaviour of nitrile elastic bands as a function of their natural length l 0 , the time during which the load is applied (which we call load time t l in this paper) and their mechanical hysteresis cycles. Furthermore, an analysis is performed using a state equation, which, based on previous studies of the thermodynamic behaviour of rubber bands [8,9], is given by the equation…”

Section: Theoretical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dependence of some mechanical properties of elastic bands on the length and load time

Triana

Fajardo

2012

Eur. J. Phys.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We present a study of the maximum stress supported by elastics bands of nitrile as a function of the natural length and the load time. The maximum tension of rupture and the corresponding variation in length were found by measuring the elongation of an elastic band when a mass is suspended from its free end until it reaches the breaking point. The work done by non-conservative forces was calculated by means of mechanical hysteresis cycles. Measurement of the hysteresis cycle was performed by the controlled addition and subtraction of masses to produce the band's stretching and contraction processes. It was found that the tension of rupture of an elastic band is independent of its natural length and that it decreases linearly with increasing load time. The mechanical work lost in the hysteresis cycle increases linearly with the natural length of the elastic band. An analysis using a state equation of the thermodynamics of rubber bands was performed obtaining good agreement with the experimental results. Also shown is the dependence on the work done by non-conservative forces in repetitive processes of cyclic hysteresis. This experiment is suitable to be implemented in experimental physics courses as an example of showing the characteristics of elastic materials; furthermore it can be done with inexpensive equipment.

show abstract

Thermodynamics of Rubber Elasticity

Cited by 22 publications

References 24 publications

Enhancement of electrical conductivity and other related properties of epoxidized natural rubber/carbon nanotube composites by optimizing concentration of 3‐aminopropyltriethoxy silane

Enhancement of electrical conductivity and other related properties of epoxidized natural rubber/carbon nanotube composites by optimizing concentration of 3‐aminopropyltriethoxy silane

Characterization of Thermoplastic Elastomers by Means of Temperature Scanning Stress Relaxation Measurements

Dependence of some mechanical properties of elastic bands on the length and load time

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About