Thermodynamics of Surfactants, Block Copolymers and Their Mixtures in Water: The Role of the Isothermal Calorimetry

Lisi, R. De; Milioto, Stefana; Muratore, Nicola

doi:10.3390/ijms10072873

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…In 2009 a number of excellent reviews on ITC and papers describing improved methodologies were published 19–43. Here we briefly discuss several articles we feel are of special significance.…”

Section: A Review Of Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of ITC to study the thermodynamics of micelle formation was reviewed in 2009 23, 380. An example was the use of calorimetry to study the assembly of amphiphilic block copolymer micelles used for use in gene delivery 408.…”

Section: Nanotechnologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2009 we identified more than 400 articles after searching Web of Science, PubMed, SciDir and OVID databases using ‘isothermal AND titration AND calorimetry’ or ITC or ‘Isothermal Titration Calorimetry’ search terms. These have been classified into the following categories: Pre‐2009 references cited in the text and review articles 1–43 Protein‐protein and protein‐peptide interactions 44–124 Protein/peptide‐small molecule interactions 125–218 Protein/peptide‐metal ion interactions 219–253 Protein/peptide‐nucleic acid interactions 254–273 Protein/peptide‐lipid interactions 274–292 Protein/peptide‐polysaccharide interactions 293–316 Nucleic acid‐small molecule interactions 317–348 Small molecule interactions …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survey of the year 2009: applications of isothermal titration calorimetry

Falconer

Collins

2010

J. Mol. Recognit.

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Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) is now an established and invaluable method for determining the thermodynamic constants, association constant and stoichiometry of molecular interactions in aqueous solutions. The technique has become widely used by biochemists to study protein interaction with other proteins, small molecules, metal ions, lipids, nucleic acids and carbohydrates; and nucleic acid interaction with small molecules. The drug discovery industry has utilized this approach to measure protein (or nucleic acid) interaction with drug candidates. ITC has been used to screen candidates, guide the design of potential drugs and validate the modelling used in structure-based drug design. Emerging disciplines including nanotechnology and drug delivery could benefit greatly from ITC in enhancing their understanding and control of nano-particle assembly, and drug binding and controlled release.

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Section: A Review Of Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nanotechnologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survey of the year 2009: applications of isothermal titration calorimetry

Falconer

Collins

2010

J. Mol. Recognit.

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“…This modifies the surface properties of water at the water/fat interface where the surfactant molecules are adsorbed (Lisi, 2009). …”

Section: Figure 4 -Schematic Of Surfactant Molecules (Pandg 2005)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surfactants are amphiphilic molecules with polar head groups, which may be anionic, cationic, non-ionic and zwitterionic, and hydrophobic tails that may be hydrogenated or fluorinated, linear or branched (Lisi, 2009). To be amphiphilic is to contain both a water insoluble component and a water-soluble component.…”

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confidence: 99%

The use and effects of ecofriendly surfactants in the meat rendering industry in the United States.

Arnold

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Meat is a major component of the diet of an American. However, humans do not consume one-third to one-half of each animal raised for their needs. The leftover materials are subjected to processing in the meat rendering industry. The rendering industry turns the waste material into value added ingredients.During the rendering process, air pollutants are released. These air pollutants are odor nuisances in residential areas around rendering plants. These pollutants can be controlled by the use of multistage packed towers.The packed columns used by the rendering industry are distinctive because of the addition of animal fat in the air stream. The fat can agglomerate on the packing and clog the towers. To prevent this, operates introduce a surfactant into the liquid stream for the system. The surfactant serves two roles: suspend the fat in the packed tower so that it does not stick to the packing and clog the system and coat the packing to enhance mass transfer by allowing for the creation of an even water film over the packing.HydroSolution is located in Louisville, KY and specializes in serving the rendering industries. The company makes a treatment that is added to the air scrubber, which removes air pollutants from the airstream. The air scrubber system consists of a venturi connected to two packed towers in series. The company is interested in increasing the efficiency of the packed towers and reducing the amount of fat accumulation in the system. In addition, they would like to switch to an ecofriendly surfactant. To achieve their goals, a "green" surfactant was found that has the ability to replace the current one and the concentration needed to coat adequately the packing been determined. iv A contact angle analyzer was used to determine extent of water coating by the calculation of the contact angle between the water droplet and the packing. A result of this test showed the soak time for the polyethylene (PE) packing was critical for a hydrophilic layer to form whereas multiple alternating layers cab apparently form on polypropylene (PP). Better performance can be obtained using PE since the ultimate contact angle is lower than the PP packing which leads to a greater degree of wetting.A sonic dismembrator was utilized to suspend animal fat of the correct size in a surfactant solution; and a particle size analyzer calculated the diameter of the particles in the solution. A force balance on the particle diameter entering the packed tower at 500-600 nm determined the size. Any particles larger than 600 nm would fall out of suspension while smaller ones would remain and be transferred through the system.Once the equipment settings able to produce the proper size particles were found, the surfactant concentration needed to suspend fat was estimated. These results showed that more surfactant is needed to sufficiently coat the packing than to suspend fat.To increase the efficiency of the packed towers and reduce the probability of clogging, it is recommended that HydroSolutions switch to 70 ppm Bio-Soft GS...

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Isothermal Titration Calorimetry in Supramolecular Chemistry

Schmidtchen

2012

Supramolecular Chemistry

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Among the many options to measure molecular interactions in solution, isothermal titration microcalorimetry (ITC) stands out as an almost universal, label‐free, operationally fast, fully computer‐operated, and thus quite robust method to acquire all thermodynamic parameters necessary to characterize the energetics of intermolecular association. Provided that there is an enthalpic response accompanying the mutual molecular interaction, the free energy, molar enthalpy, and, by using the Gibbs–Helmholtz equation, also the molar entropy can be determined in a single run. The present review describes the fundamental concept, the methodological aspects concerning the range accessible to direct determinations, and its potential expansion. Special focus is on data evaluation and the intrinsic limits to translate the macroscopic instrumental output into the illumination of the microscopic events happening on the molecular scene. The scope of ITC as a means to characterize thermodynamic equilibria is illustrated with the help from recent applications spanning from low‐molecular host–guest chemistry to multimeric assembly of surfactants observable as phase changes.

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Thermodynamics of Surfactants, Block Copolymers and Their Mixtures in Water: The Role of the Isothermal Calorimetry

Cited by 15 publications

References 67 publications

Survey of the year 2009: applications of isothermal titration calorimetry

Survey of the year 2009: applications of isothermal titration calorimetry

The use and effects of ecofriendly surfactants in the meat rendering industry in the United States.

Isothermal Titration Calorimetry in Supramolecular Chemistry

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