Thermodynamics of the hydrolysis of sucrose

Goldberg, Robert N.; Tewari, Yadu D.; Ahluwalia, J. C.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)81744-6

Cited by 65 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…(8) Calorific value of the sugars in the honey and nectar are taken to be that of sucrose [50]. (9) The enthalpy of inverting sucrose to fructose and glucose and its use of water are negligible, compared to the volume of evaporated water and the energy needed to vaporize it [50]. (10) Radiation or changes in external RH are not taken into account.…”

Section: Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Thermal efficiency extends distance and variety for honeybee foragers: analysis of the energetics of nectar collection and desiccation by Apis mellifera

Mitchell

2019

J. R. Soc. Interface.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The desiccation of nectar to produce honey by honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) is an energy-intensive process, as it involves a quasi-isothermal change in the concentration of sugars from typically 20 to 80% by vaporization (honey ripening). This analysis creates mathematical models for: the collected nectar to honey ratio; energy recovery ratio; honey energy margin; and the break-even distance, which includes the factors of nectar concentration and the distance to the nectar from the nest; energetics of desiccation and a new factor, thermal energy efficiency (TEE) of nectar desiccation. These models show a significant proportion of delivered energy in the nectar must be used in desiccation, and that there is a strong connection between TEE and nest lumped thermal conductance with colony behaviour. They show the connection between TEE and honeybee colony success, or failure, in the rate of return, in terms of distance or quality of foraging. Consequently, TEE is a key parameter in honeybee populations and foraging modelling. For bee keeping, it quantifies the summer benefits of a key hive design parameter, hive thermal conductance and gives a sound theoretical basis for improving honey yields, as seen in expanded polystyrene hives.

show abstract

Section: Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The energy released by the honeybees converting disaccharide sugars to monosaccharides has been postulated as a source of energy, but this is insignificant compared with the energy required in the evaporation process, amounting to only approximately 15 kJ mol 21 , or approximately 43 kJ kg 21 [50].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal efficiency extends distance and variety for honeybee foragers: analysis of the energetics of nectar collection and desiccation by Apis mellifera

Mitchell

2019

J. R. Soc. Interface.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…TS3( C ) and Product( C ) are defined in Scheme . Experimental energies, E a (EXP) and Δ H °(EXP), are taken from refs and , respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three Competitive Transition States at the Glycosidic Bond of Sucrose in Its Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis

2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of sucrose to glucose and fructose was investigated by DFT calculations. Protonations to three ether oxygen atoms of the sucrose molecule, A, B, and (C, D), were compared. Three (B, the fructosyl-ring oxygen protonation; C, protonation to the bridge oxygen of the glycosidic bond for the glucosyl-oxygen cleavage; and D, protonation to that for the fructosyl-oxygen cleavage) gave the fragmentation. Paths B, C, and D were examined by the use of the sucrose molecule and H3O(+)(H2O)13. The path B needs a large activation energy, indicating that it is unlikely. The fragmentation transition state (TS1) of path C needs almost the same activation energy as that of path D. The isomerization TS of Int(C) → Int(D), TS(C → D), was also obtained as a bypass route. The present calculations showed that the path via the fructosyl-oxygen cleavage (D) is slightly (not absolutely) more favorable than that via the glucosyl-oxygen cleavage (C).

show abstract

“…Since we consider the dilute limit, we assume that the system is an ideal mixture and obeys the traditional LMA, with forward rate a + = k + n 3 , reverse rate a − = k − n 1 n 2 , and equilibrium constant K = n eq 1 n eq 2 /n eq 3 . The reaction equilibrium lies almost completely in the direction of the formation of glucose and fructose [45], but uncatalyzed sucrose hydrolysis is extremely slow (with a half-life of 500 years) [46]. While we use an experimental value of K [45], we artificially increase the reaction rates to k + = 10 and k − = K/k + so that the forward reaction occurs about 100 times per cell per simulation.…”

Section: A Hydrolysis Of Sucrosementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reaction equilibrium lies almost completely in the direction of the formation of glucose and fructose [45], but uncatalyzed sucrose hydrolysis is extremely slow (with a half-life of 500 years) [46]. While we use an experimental value of K [45], we artificially increase the reaction rates to k + = 10 and k − = K/k + so that the forward reaction occurs about 100 times per cell per simulation.…”

Section: A Hydrolysis Of Sucrosementioning

confidence: 99%

Fluctuating hydrodynamics of reactive liquid mixtures

Kim

Nonaka

Bell

et al. 2018

The Journal of Chemical Physics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fluctuating hydrodynamics (FHD) provides a framework for modeling microscopic fluctuations in a manner consistent with statistical mechanics and nonequilibrium thermodynamics. This paper presents an FHD formulation for isothermal reactive incompressible liquid mixtures with stochastic chemistry. Fluctuating multispecies mass diffusion is formulated using a Maxwell-Stefan description without assuming a dilute solution, and momentum dynamics is described by a stochastic Navier-Stokes equation for the fluid velocity. We consider a thermodynamically consistent generalization for the law of mass action for non-dilute mixtures and use it in the chemical master equation (CME) to model reactions as a Poisson process. The FHD approach provides remarkable computational efficiency over traditional reaction-diffusion master equation methods when the number of reactive molecules is large, while also retaining accuracy even when there are as few as ten reactive molecules per hydrodynamic cell. We present a numerical algorithm to solve the coupled FHD and CME equations and validate it on both equilibrium and nonequilibrium problems. We simulate a diffusively driven gravitational instability in the presence of an acid-base neutralization reaction, starting from a perfectly flat interface. We demonstrate that the coupling between velocity and concentration fluctuations dominates the initial growth of the instability.

show abstract

Thermodynamics of the hydrolysis of sucrose

Cited by 65 publications

References 25 publications

Thermal efficiency extends distance and variety for honeybee foragers: analysis of the energetics of nectar collection and desiccation by Apis mellifera

Thermal efficiency extends distance and variety for honeybee foragers: analysis of the energetics of nectar collection and desiccation by Apis mellifera

Three Competitive Transition States at the Glycosidic Bond of Sucrose in Its Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis

Fluctuating hydrodynamics of reactive liquid mixtures

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About