Thermodynamics of uranium in (Ga + Sn) eutectic alloy

Maltsev, Dmitry S.; Volkovich, Vladimir A.; Yamshchikov, L. F.; Чукин, А. В.

doi:10.1016/j.jct.2015.09.023

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In other words, it is the theoretical loading capacity of the liquid Ga media for metal extraction in a homogenous solution. It can be calculated by the following equations log a Ln(Ga),satu = log γ Ln(Ga) + log X Ln(Ga) [15] G LnGax+y (sol) = nF(E eq Ln − E eq Ln(Ga),satu ) = 2.3RT loga Ln(Ga) ,satu. [16] Where γ Ln(Ga) is the activity coefficient of Ln in Ga media mentioned above, a Ln(Ga),satu and E eq Ln(Ga),satu are the activity and equilibrium potential of Ln in an Ln saturated Ga solution, respectively, G LnGax+y (sol) denotes the Gibbs free energy for the formation of one Ln-Ga intermetallic compound.…”

Section: N D(iii)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the corresponding thermodynamic properties such as solubility in liquid metals, activity coefficient, stable intermetallic compounds and Gibbs free energies for formation of An and Ln intermetallic compounds in the liquid Ga-based media had been also investigated. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] The electrochemical extraction of An from Ln on the liquid Ga electrode, however, have not been performed yet in previous works, although liquid Ga electrode is expected to be more efficient and operable. Our group has been studying the applications of liquid Ga as the electrode to deposit uranium from the LiCl-KCl-UCl 3 melt.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the Electroextractions of Ce and Nd from LiCl-KCl Molten Salt Using Liquid Ga Electrode

Liu

Chai

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The aim of this work is to explore the electroextractions and related thermodynamic properties of Ln (Ce and Nd) as actinide surrogates on the liquid Ga media, aiming at further Ln/An separation. The activities, activity coefficients and solubilities of Ce and Nd in the liquid Ga media were determined by open circuit potential at the temperature range from 698 to 798 K. The electroextractions of Ce and Nd and their corresponding current efficiencies on a static liquid Ga electrode were investigated by gavanostatic electrolysis. The electrochemical behaviors of Ce and Nd on a liquid Ga electrode in LiCl-KCl eutectic were explored by the cyclic voltammetry. It was found that both of the reductions of Ce(III) and Nd(III) on a liquid gallium electrode start at about −1.1 V at 773 K and are a one-step process with three electrons transferred. Semi-differential method was applied so as to more accurately determine the apparent standard potential of Nd(III)/Nd(II) which actually hadn't been well clarified in literatures. Open circuit potential technique was also utilized to determine the apparent standard potentials of Ce(III)/Ce and Nd(III)/Nd redox couples and to evaluate the thermodynamic properties of Ce and Nd in the liquid Ga media. Galvanostatic electrolyses on the static liquid Ga electrode were conducted to extract the Ln elements with or without the formation of intermetallic compounds at 723 or 773 K. The current efficiencies for the electroextraction of Ce and Nd were calculated to be about 90%. X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterizations identified the formation of intermetallic compounds CeGa6 and NdGa6 after the electrolysis. The Gibbs free energies for the formation of LnGa6 were also calculated.

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Section: N D(iii)mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Electroextractions of Ce and Nd from LiCl-KCl Molten Salt Using Liquid Ga Electrode

Liu

Chai

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…Thermodynamic properties of uranium required to calculate θ were experimentally determined in our previous studies (10,13,14). Activity coefficients of U in different metallic systems are presented in Figure 2.…”

Section: Activity Coefficients Of Uranium and Neodymium In Low-meltin...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation of Lanthanides and Actinides in a Chloride Melt - Liquid Metal System: The Effect of Phase Composition

et al. 2016

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Separation of lanthanides and actinides can be achieved in a “molten chloride – liquid metal” system. Here, the effect of temperature, cationic composition of the alkali chloride based melts, and composition of the liquid metal on the separation factor are considered, and separation of neodymium and uranium is studied as an example. Gallium, indium, aluminum, tin and their mixtures of various compositions were chosen as low melting metals. Possible separation coefficients were calculated on the basis of thermodynamic and electrochemical properties of uranium and neodymium. To confirm the results of calculations, experiments on separating Nd and U were conducted. The experiments were performed under various conditions and the experimentally achieved separation factors compared with the theoretical expectations.

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“…There is a considerable body of data in the literature concerning the properties of SNF components in liquid metal systems, primarily in alloys with low-melting metals, e.g., Cd, Bi, Pb etc. (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). Thermodynamic calculations showed that in terms of efficiency of separating, for example, 4f-and 5f-elements, individual low-melting metals can be arranged in the following order: Al > Ga > Sn > Bi > In > Zn > Cd (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Properties of Uranium and Zirconium on Solid and Liquid Electrodes in 3LiCl–2KCl Based Melts

et al. 2018

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Electrochemical properties of uranium and zirconium in 3LiCl–2KCl eutectic based melts on solid and liquid cathodes were studied employing cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry at 550–750 oC. Reduction of U(III) is a single step process. Reduction of Zr(IV) is a two-step process that includes reduction of Zr(IV) to Zr(II), and Zr(II) to Zr(0). Deposition potential values of uranium and zirconium on solid (W) and liquid (Ga, In, Sn, Zn, and their alloys) cathodes were determined. Deposition potentials of uranium on all types of the cathodes were more negative than those of zirconium. This difference can be used for separating uranium from zirconium in the pyrochemical technology of spent nuclear fuel reprocessing.

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Thermodynamics of uranium in (Ga + Sn) eutectic alloy

Cited by 13 publications

References 18 publications

Evaluation of the Electroextractions of Ce and Nd from LiCl-KCl Molten Salt Using Liquid Ga Electrode

Evaluation of the Electroextractions of Ce and Nd from LiCl-KCl Molten Salt Using Liquid Ga Electrode

Separation of Lanthanides and Actinides in a Chloride Melt - Liquid Metal System: The Effect of Phase Composition

Electrochemical Properties of Uranium and Zirconium on Solid and Liquid Electrodes in 3LiCl–2KCl Based Melts

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