Thermodynamics Phase Equilibria for the System Containing Lithium, Sodium, Chloride, and Carbonate in Aqueous Solution at 273.15 K

Yu, Xudong; Zeng, Ying; Mu, Pengtao; Yin, Qinghong; Tan, Qing

doi:10.1021/je400514p

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…54 The absence of these minerals in the precipitated phases is consistent with the expected higher thermodynamic stability of zabuyelite with respect to these phase. 55 As Na + and K + will not compete directly for carbonate via the growth of additional solid phases, the main influence of these ions will be on the chemistry of the system. For example, Na-carbonate ion pairs were predicted based on the PHREEQC simulations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Inorganic Solution Components on Lithium Carbonate Crystal Growth

Salisbury

Huijsmans

et al. 2019

Crystal Growth & Design

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Lithium-bearing brines are an increasingly attractive source of Li for extraction. One extraction mechanism is the removal of Li from the fluid phase through the precipitation of zabuyelite (Li2CO3). The chemistry of the brine plays an important role in this process because ions in solution can compete for the components of the Li-carbonate phase. Here we explore the effect of different brine components on the precipitation of zabuyelite using experiments and computational simulations. Crystals formed in all solutions showed morphological evidence for potential transformation from a precursor phase. Our study indicates that Ca2+ and SO42– are incorporated into the precipitated zabuyelite crystals. Sulfate also interacts directly with specific surfaces on the growing crystal and is expected to form ion pairs with Li+ in solution. Similarly, Na+ appears to form ion pairs in solution with the carbonate ion, slowing nucleation of zabuyelite in the experiments. K+ and Cl– may interact with the growing zabuyelite crystals but do not appear to affect zabuyelite nucleation and growth times. These experiments highlight the importance of understanding the solution chemistry on zabuyelite formation in order to predict the efficiency of extraction processes and the purity of the solids.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This hypothesis is consistent with the similar nucleation times observed for the experiments conducted with the two different concentrations of the monovalent cation and previous observations that high LiCl concentrations produce the salting out effect for Na-carbonate. 55…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Inorganic Solution Components on Lithium Carbonate Crystal Growth

Salisbury

Huijsmans

et al. 2019

Crystal Growth & Design

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“…There is a wide range of saline lakes and oilfield brine spread in the Qinghai, Xinjiang, Tibet, and Inner Mongolia provinces in China . To scientifically exploit brine resources, the relevant phase equilibria and phase diagram focused on the composition of those brines are necessary. − According to the composition characteristics (high content sodium, magnesium, potassium, ammonium, calcium, chloride, and borate) of oil field brine in Nanyishan, the seven-component system Na + , K + , NH 4 + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ //Cl – , and borate–H 2 O can be applicable to represent the phase equilibrium relationship of the brine…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salt–Water Phase Equilibria in Ternary Systems K⁺(Mg²⁺), NH₄⁺//Cl^––H₂O at T = 273 K

Yu¹,

Wang

Chen

et al. 2017

J. Chem. Eng. Data

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Phase equilibria for two ternary systems K + , NH 4 + //Cl − −H 2 O, and Mg 2+ , NH 4 + //Cl − −H 2 O at T = 273 K were investigated by means of the isothermal saturation dissolution method. The density of each equilibrium liquid phase was determined by using the weighting bottle method. The compositions of the solid phases were confirmed using Scherinemakers' wet residue method. The phase diagrams and the figures of density versus composition were plotted in accordance with the experimental data. The ternary system Mg 2+ , NH 4 + //Cl − −H 2 O is a type of complex with an incongruent type complex salt ammonium carnallite (NH 4 Cl•MgCl 2 •6H 2 O) formed at 273 K, which consists of two invariant points, three monovariant curves, and three solid phase crystallization fields. The ternary system of K + , NH 4 + //Cl − −H 2 O consists of three invariant points, four monovariant curves, and five solid phase crystallization fields and is also a type of complex with two solid solutions [(K, NH 4 )Cl] and [(NH 4 , K)Cl] found at 273 K. The comparison of obtained phase diagrams at 273 K in this work and 298 K has been deliberated.

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“…Nowadays, with the depletion of solid mineral resources, research on how to exploit liquid mineral resources, e.g., salt lake brine and subsurface brine, for multiple purposes are getting more researchers’ recognition. − Generally speaking, phase equilibria are the basis and guide for the utilization of liquid mineral resources, which can forecast the crystallization path of various salts. Thus, the relevant aqueous solid–liquid phase equilibria characteristics as the mentioned above salt lake were also investigated. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid–Liquid Equilibrium on the Reciprocal Aqueous Quaternary System Li⁺, Mg²⁺//Cl^–, and Borate–H₂O at 323 K

Luo

et al. 2016

J. Chem. Eng. Data

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The solid–liquid phase equilibrium in the reciprocal aqueous quaternary system Li+, Mg2+//Cl–, and borate–H2O at 323 K was completed with the isothermal dissolution method. The corresponding physiochemical properties (ρ, ηD) of solutions at equilibrium in the Li+, Mg2+//Cl–, and borate–H2O electrolyte mixtures were determined. The isothermal dissolution phase diagram, the water figure, and the figures for the physicochemical properties (ρ, ηD) depending on the composition were obtained according to values of the Jänecke index. The stable phase diagram contains three invariant points, seven univariant curves, and five crystallization zones. The crystallographic forms of magnesium borate and lithium borate are tetraborate MgB4O5(OH)4·7H2O and Li2B4O7·3H2O, respectively. The size of MgB4O5(OH)4·7H2O crystallization field is the largest among the coexisting salts.

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Thermodynamics Phase Equilibria for the System Containing Lithium, Sodium, Chloride, and Carbonate in Aqueous Solution at 273.15 K

Cited by 11 publications

References 8 publications

Influence of Inorganic Solution Components on Lithium Carbonate Crystal Growth

Influence of Inorganic Solution Components on Lithium Carbonate Crystal Growth

Salt–Water Phase Equilibria in Ternary Systems K⁺(Mg²⁺), NH₄⁺//Cl^––H₂O at T = 273 K

Solid–Liquid Equilibrium on the Reciprocal Aqueous Quaternary System Li⁺, Mg²⁺//Cl^–, and Borate–H₂O at 323 K

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Thermodynamics Phase Equilibria for the System Containing Lithium, Sodium, Chloride, and Carbonate in Aqueous Solution at 273.15 K

Cited by 11 publications

References 8 publications

Influence of Inorganic Solution Components on Lithium Carbonate Crystal Growth

Influence of Inorganic Solution Components on Lithium Carbonate Crystal Growth

Salt–Water Phase Equilibria in Ternary Systems K+(Mg2+), NH4+//Cl––H2O at T = 273 K

Solid–Liquid Equilibrium on the Reciprocal Aqueous Quaternary System Li+, Mg2+//Cl–, and Borate–H2O at 323 K

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Salt–Water Phase Equilibria in Ternary Systems K⁺(Mg²⁺), NH₄⁺//Cl^––H₂O at T = 273 K

Solid–Liquid Equilibrium on the Reciprocal Aqueous Quaternary System Li⁺, Mg²⁺//Cl^–, and Borate–H₂O at 323 K