Thermodynamik von Legierungsschmelzen: Meßmethoden und Ergebnisse

Abstract

Neuere Entwicklungen experimenteller Methoden für die Messung thermodynamischer Größen flüssiger Legierungen mit besonderer Betonung der Kalorimetrie, der EMK‐ und der Knudsen‐Methode werden besprochen. Ausgewählte experimentelle Resultate thermodynamischer Untersuchungen wurden bezüglich des Auftretens von Anomalien analysiert, die auf partielle nichtmetallische Bindungen zurückzuführen sind. Diese Anomalien werden durch die Bildung heteroatomarer „Assoziate”︁ erklärt. Aufgrund veröffentlichter Ergebnisse werden Voraussagen über das Auftreten von Anomalien in binären Schmelzen gemacht.

Modern methods in high temperature calorimetry

“…The temperature gradient inside the furnace can already be reduced by three heating coils (Kanthal) which are arranged and regulated separately. Temperature equality between upper and lower crucible after stabilization of the system is controlled by thermocouples (5). A stirrer (6) guarantees for a complete and rapid mixing of the components.…”

Phase equilibria and thermodynamics: measurements

“…As in previous publications (Ref. [3][4][5] calorimetric, electromotive force and vapor pressure techniques will be discussed.…”

“…1) and of thermodynamic properties (Ref. [2][3][4][5] should be consulted. At first methods related to phase diagrams will be discussed, since some like generation and measurement of temperatures also apply to thermodynamic studies, and then techniques related to thermodynamic properties will be treated.…”

Experimental techniques in high temperature thermodynamics

“…Since my field is thermodynamics of inorganic metallic systems and thermodynamics does depend on the establishment of equilibrium, experimental techniques used for such measurements will -roughly speaking -be confined to the temperature regimen above 1000 K. In previous publications the author has quite extensively discussed experimental techniques applied in high temperature thermodynamics and phase diagram studies (Ref. [1][2][3][4][5]. Since then other general (e. g. Ref.…”