a b s t r a c tWe have systematically investigated the Na x CoO 2 system doped with Cu, Y, Sn, W, Au and Bi for x = 0.5, 0.75 and 1.00 using density functional theory. Sn, W and Bi always substitute a Co while Au always substitute a Na regardless of Na concentration. However, for, Cu and Y, the substitution site depends on Na concentration. When compared to the available experimental data, we find that thermoelectric performance is enhanced when the dopants substitute a Na site. In this case, surprisingly, resistivity decreases despite the reduced hole concentration caused by carrier recombination. We propose improved carrier mobility to be the cause of observed reduced resistivity.