“…TIs have vast application capabilities in optoelectronics [4], plasmonics [5], spintronics [6], quantum computing [7], and for thermoelectric devices [2,8,9]. Among TIs, bismuth chalcogenides such as Bi 2 Te 3 and Bi 2 Se 3 are suitable for applications at room temperature, due to their large energy gap (~0.2-0.3 eV), and, therefore, they have been widely investigated [10,11].…”