Thermoelectrics: From longitudinal to transverse

Seebeck-driven transverse thermoelectric generation in magnetic hybrid bulk materials

“…To further increase the output electrical power, it is necessary not only to find the best combination of magnetic and thermoelectric materials but also to optimize the dimensions and aspect ratio of the hybrid material, contact electrodes, and thermal boundary conditions. 15,16 Although we have focused only on the output electrical power and the Si substrate used here has high thermal conductivity, to optimize the figure of merit and efficiency of STTG devices, the thermal conductivity of hybrid materials should also be reduced by changing the material combination or by applying phonon engineering. 26 In conclusion, we investigated STTG in the hybrid bulk materials comprising the…”

“…Thermoelectric technologies are now reaching a turning point, and the key to this transition is transverse thermoelectric effects, in which E is generated in the direction perpendicular to T. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Owing to the orthogonal relation between E and T, the output voltage (output electrical power) induced by the transverse thermoelectric effects can be enhanced simply by elongating the length (enlarging the area) of a material perpendicular to applied T without forming a complicated threedimensional structure. The transverse thermoelectric effects are thus suitable for harvesting thermal energy distributed over a large area.…”

“…Significantly, the junction-less structure promises to overcome the above problems that limit applications of the Seebeck module, potentially bringing the efficiency of thermoelectric modules close to the theoretical value. [14][15][16] To utilize such advantages, many studies have focused on developing physics and applications of transverse thermoelectric phenomena that appear due to magnetic fields/magnetization 3,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13] and to intrinsic/artificial anisotropic transport properties. 2,[4][5][6]14,15 Particularly, with the recent development of topological materials science 17 and spin caloritronics, [18][19][20] research on the anomalous Nernst effect (ANE) is rapidly progressing, [9][10][11][12][13] where E is generated in the cross-product direction of T and the spontaneous magnetization M in a magnetic material [Fig.…”

Thermoelectric Modules: Key Issues in Architectural Design and Contact Optimization

“… working principle of thermoelectric conversion, i. e. the thermoelectric effect in longitudinal and transverse direction or the p‐n junction; [12,42–46] assumption of the geometrical model i. e. cuboid/ cylindrical; [47–50] dimension i. e. bulk or thin film; [51–55] flexibility i. e. flexible or rigid [56–61] …”

Direct electrical probing of anomalous Nernst conductivity

“…Due to the orthogonal relationship between the applied temperature gradient and generated electric field, the transverse thermoelectric generation module can be a simple slab or sheet, where no complicated three-dimensional structures are necessary unlike conventional Seebeck-effect-based modules. Thus, transverse thermoelectric modules could potentially circumvent the problems of durability, flexibility, and cost that the Seebeck modules encounter [22][23][24][25][26], as well as be exploited for additional functionalities, such as heat flux sensing [23,25,27,28]. Despite the significant role of α A xy in topological materials science and transverse thermoelectrics, there has not been a straightforward way to experimentally obtain α A xy , and establishing such a method is of great importance.…”