Thermogelation in Aqueous Polymer Solutions

Durand, Alain; Hervé, Mélanie; Hourdet, Dominique

doi:10.1021/bk-2001-0780.ch011

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In the early 1990s this property was reported for some water soluble polymer systems by Hourdet et al [149][150][151][152] TVP consists of a water soluble hydrophilic backbone with some hydrophobic pendant side chains. These hydrophobic side chains are soluble in water at room temperature but exhibit a lower critical solution temperature (LCST).…”

Section: Thermoviscosifying Polymersmentioning

confidence: 78%

Review on Polymer Flooding: Rheology, Adsorption, Stability, and Field Applications of Various Polymer Systems

Kamal¹,

Sultan²,

et al. 2015

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Polymer flooding is one of the most promising techniques for the recovery of remaining oil from light oil reservoirs. Water soluble polymers are used to enhance the viscosity of displacing fluid and to improve the sweep efficiency. In this paper, water soluble polymers used for chemical enhanced oil recovery are reviewed. Conventional and novel modified polymers are discussed along with their limitations. The review covers thermal stability, rheology, and adsorption behavior of various polymer systems in sandstone and carbonate reservoirs. Field and laboratory core flooding data of several polymers are covered. The review describes the polymer systems that are successfully applied in low-temperature and low-salinity reservoirs. Comprehensive review of current research activities aiming at extending polymer flooding to high-temperature and high-salinity reservoirs is performed. The review has identified current and future challenges of polymer flooding.

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Section: Thermoviscosifying Polymersmentioning

confidence: 78%

Review on Polymer Flooding: Rheology, Adsorption, Stability, and Field Applications of Various Polymer Systems

Kamal¹,

Sultan²,

et al. 2015

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“…The solubility of thermo-responsive polymers in water depends on temperature; for the LCST (UCST) polymers, the solubility of thermo-sensitive moieties is lost upon an increase (a decrease) in temperature which triggers association and transient network formation. [6][7][8] Tuning the strength of the electrostatic interactions by changing the pH or/and ionic strength suggests an alternative mechanism for controlling the association and rheological properties of aqueous solutions of amphiphilic hydrophobically modified polyelectrolytes. 9 However, an assembly of hydrophobic (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

pH-triggered reversible sol–gel transition in aqueous solutions of amphiphilic gradient copolymers

et al. 2011

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We demonstrate the possibility of reversible pH-controlled sol-gel transition in aqueous solution of associating amphiphilic triblock copolymer poly(styrene-grad-acrylic acid)-b-poly(acrylic acid)-b-poly (styrene-grad-acrylic acid), (PS-grad-PAA)-b-PAA-b-(PS-grad-PAA), synthesized via nitroxidemediated (NM) radical copolymerization. The presence of pH-sensitive co-monomer units of the acrylic acid in the terminal blocks ensures the dynamic nature of the styrene-rich hydrophobic nanodomains which are formed at low pH. At small polymer concentrations the association triggered by lowering the pH gives rise to flower-like micelles stabilized by partially ionized PAA coronae. The pH-controlled association was monitored by DLS-titration and manifested in the evolution of a correlation peak in the SANS spectra. The resulting copolymer aggregates were visualized by TEM, which confirmed the spherical shape of the dense styrene-rich domains. Above the micelle overlap concentration a decrease in pH provokes macroscopic gelation. Here the styrene-reach domains perform as cross-links in the transient network. The pH-triggered sol-to-gel transition is manifested in an abrupt and strong (up to 3 orders of magnitude) increase in the zero-shear viscosity and in a characteristic change in the frequency dependence of the storage and loss moduli. The discovered effect can be used for efficient pH-control of the rheological properties of aqueous solutions.

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“…The introduction of LCST polymer sequences (blocks or side-chains) within a hydrophilic macromolecular architecture has been a hot topic over the past 25 years as these systems provide an original response to the design of responsive aqueous formulations of paramount interest in many different fields such as oil recovery, cosmetics or biomedicine. Mostly prepared from synthetic polymers 28,30,[39][40] , their development has been extended to biopolymers, mainly polysaccharides, especially for biomedical applications. [16][17][18][19][20] This is the case of alginates that have been modified with various LCST polymers like poly(alkylene oxide) or poly(N-alkylacrylamide) in order to develop hot gelling properties.…”

Section: Hot Gelation Of Modified Alginatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold and Hot Gelling of Alginate-graft-PNIPAM: a Schizophrenic Behavior Induced by Potassium Salts

et al. 2018

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Recently, alginates (ALG) characterized by high mannuronic content (M blocks) have been shown to undergo a reversible sol/gel transition during cooling in the presence of potassium salts. Cold gelling takes place at low temperatures, just below 0 °C for a KCl concentration of 0.3 mol/kg, but the aggregation process can be easily shifted to higher temperatures by increasing the salt concentration. In the present paper, we take advantage of this peculiar behavior to design a copolymer with schizophrenic gelling properties. For this purpose, side chains of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), characterized by a Lower Critical Solution Temperature (LCST) in water, were grafted on the alginate backbone. Working in semidilute solutions, we show by coupling DSC and viscoelastic measurements that ALG-g-PNIPAM solutions are able to form gels either by cooling or heating depending on the ionic environment. As the aggregation process of ALG and PNIPAM depends mainly and respectively on the nature of the cations and anions, the choice of the salt is then critical to control the self-assembly behavior and the gel properties. Moreover, as the gelation process of alginates driven by the aggregation of mannuronic sequences is characterized by a large hysteresis of 20-30 °C between gelling and melting, both ALG and ALG-g-PNIPAM polymers offer a large versatility not only in terms of salt (nature and concentration) but also in preparation history as different states (sol or gel) can be obtained at room temperature.

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Thermogelation in Aqueous Polymer Solutions

Cited by 15 publications

References 35 publications

Review on Polymer Flooding: Rheology, Adsorption, Stability, and Field Applications of Various Polymer Systems

Review on Polymer Flooding: Rheology, Adsorption, Stability, and Field Applications of Various Polymer Systems

pH-triggered reversible sol–gel transition in aqueous solutions of amphiphilic gradient copolymers

Cold and Hot Gelling of Alginate-graft-PNIPAM: a Schizophrenic Behavior Induced by Potassium Salts

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