Thermographic Characteristics of the Diabetic Foot With Peripheral Arterial Disease Using the Angiosome Concept

Carabott, Matthew; Formosa, Cynthia; Mizzi, Adrian; Παπάνας, Νικόλαος; Gatt, Alfred

doi:10.1055/a-0838-5209

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Both PAD and DPN have been reported to influence foot temperature [23]. In a recent thermal imaging study, participants with PAD had a significantly higher foot temperature than those that did not have PAD [26,27]. In contrast, previous studies have reported a positive correlation between foot temperature and ankle brachial pressure index, implying that people with PAD have a lower foot temperature [28].…”

Section: Monitoring Foot Temperaturementioning

confidence: 95%

The Potential Role of Sensors, Wearables and Telehealth in the Remote Management of Diabetes-Related Foot Disease

Golledge

Fernando

Lazzarini

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Diabetes-related foot disease (DFD), which includes foot ulcers, infection and gangrene, is a leading cause of the global disability burden. About half of people who develop DFD experience a recurrence within one year. Long-term medical management to reduce the risk of recurrence is therefore important to reduce the global DFD burden. This review describes research assessing the value of sensors, wearables and telehealth in preventing DFD. Sensors and wearables have been developed to monitor foot temperature, plantar pressures, glucose, blood pressure and lipids. The monitoring of these risk factors along with telehealth consultations has promise as a method for remotely managing people who are at risk of DFD. This approach can potentially avoid or reduce the need for face-to-face consultations. Home foot temperature monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring and telehealth consultations are the approaches for which the most highly developed and user-friendly technology has been developed. A number of clinical studies in people at risk of DFD have demonstrated benefits when using one of these remote monitoring methods. Further development and evidence are needed for some of the other approaches, such as home plantar pressure and footwear adherence monitoring. As yet, no composite remote management program incorporating remote monitoring and the management of all the key risk factors for DFD has been developed and implemented. Further research assessing the feasibility and value of combining these remote monitoring approaches as a holistic way of preventing DFD is needed.

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Section: Monitoring Foot Temperaturementioning

confidence: 95%

The Potential Role of Sensors, Wearables and Telehealth in the Remote Management of Diabetes-Related Foot Disease

Golledge

Fernando

Lazzarini

et al. 2020

Sensors

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“…Infrared thermometers have been utilized in most investigations to measure the foot's temperature at several locations on both sides and compare those locations on opposing feet [21][22][23][24]. According to earlier studies, a temperature differential of more than 2.2°C between identical spots on separate feet for two consecutive days helps predict the development of ulcers [25,26]. A recent study found that the hallux; first, third, and fifth metatarsal heads; the mid-foot, and the heel all had different median temperatures from ambient temperature and that this difference can predict the development of foot ulcers with great sensitivity but poor specificity [27].…”

Section: Monitoring Of Foot Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Foot temperature has been correlated to both PAD and DPN [ 23 ]. In recent thermal imaging research, individuals with PAD had considerably higher foot temperatures than those without PAD [ 26 , 27 ]. In contrast, a previous study revealed a positive association between ankle-brachial pressure index and foot temperature, suggesting that persons with PAD have lower foot temperatures [ 28 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Newer Interventions for the Prevention of Diabetic Foot Disease

Tekale¹,

Varma²,

Tekale³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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Diabetic foot disease (DFD), which includes ulcers on the foot, infections, and gangrene of the foot, is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. About half of diabetic foot disease (DFD) patients have a recurrence in less than a year. To alleviate the burden of DFD globally, it is essential to give long-term medication to reduce the likelihood of recurrence. The effectiveness of telemedicine, wearable technologies, and sensors in DFD prevention is discussed in this review. Offloading footwear helps to cure and prevent ulcerated diabetic foot by distributing physical stress away from bony prominences. Sensors and wearables can record the temperatures of the foot, blood pressure (BP), and blood sugar levels and estimate lipid profile. These technologies have offered a practical means of reaching individuals in rural areas with a heightened risk of developing DFD. There is less need for in-person consultations with this strategy. This methodology is simple to operate and lessens reliance on patients. The benefits of adopting these remote monitoring approaches have been demonstrated in some studies with DFD-at-risk individuals. It is required to do more analysis to ascertain the effectiveness and value of incorporating different remote monitoring systems as part of an all-encompassing strategy to prevent DFD.

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“…Due to long-term hyperglycemia, diabetes can cause chronic diseases of various tissues and organs. Among these diseases is peripheral neuropathy caused by diabetes, combined with peripheral vascular disease, which causes excessive mechanical stress leading to the destruction of soft tissue and bone structure of the foot, called diabetic foot [3,4]. Diabetic foot is a serious complication of diabetes, a chronic progressive disease caused by vascular occlusive disease, leading to complications such as ischemia, peripheral neuropathy, and infection [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect and Mechanism of the Bruton Tyrosine Kinase (Btk) Inhibitor Ibrutinib on Rat Model of Diabetic Foot Ulcers

Yang

Cao

et al. 2019

Med Sci Monit

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Departmental sources Background: Diabetes causes damage to the soft tissue and bone structure of the foot, referred to as "diabetic foot". Ibrutinib is a Bruton tyrosine kinase (Btk) inhibitor, and the role and mechanism of ibrutinib on the diabetic foot have not been elucidated. Material/Methods: Male Wister rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group, model group, and ibrutinib group. After 14 days, the ulcer wound size of each group was measured, and the ulcer healing rate was calculated. The level of inflammatory factors interleukin (IL)-1b, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, and IL-6 was detected by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to analyze the changes of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end product/NF-kB (nuclear factor-kappa B) pathway was detected by western blot. Results: Blood glucose, blood lipids, serum creatinine, and urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were increased in the model group, together with increased levels of IL-1b, TNF-a, IL-6, as well as TLR2 and TLR4 expression, and there were significant differences compared with the control group (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the model group showed decreased VEGF expression and increased expression of RAGE and NF-kB. However, ibrutinib reduced blood sugar, blood lipids, creatinine, and urea nitrogen levels, inhibited the secretion of inflammatory factors, promoted ulcer healing, improved ulcer healing rate, decreased the expression of TLR2, TLR4, RAGE, and NF-kB, and increased VEGF expression; there were significant differences in the ibrutinib group compared with the model group (P<0.05). Conclusions: The Btk inhibitor ibrutinib can upregulate VEGF expression, inhibit the expression of TLRs, inhibit the secretion of inflammatory factors, and promote the healing of diabetic foot ulcer possibly by regulating the RAGE/NF-kB pathway.

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Thermographic Characteristics of the Diabetic Foot With Peripheral Arterial Disease Using the Angiosome Concept

Cited by 15 publications

References 21 publications

The Potential Role of Sensors, Wearables and Telehealth in the Remote Management of Diabetes-Related Foot Disease

The Potential Role of Sensors, Wearables and Telehealth in the Remote Management of Diabetes-Related Foot Disease

A Review on Newer Interventions for the Prevention of Diabetic Foot Disease

Effect and Mechanism of the Bruton Tyrosine Kinase (Btk) Inhibitor Ibrutinib on Rat Model of Diabetic Foot Ulcers

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