A numerical model of passive thermal nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of composite laminates was developed. This model, based on a transient, three‐dimensional, finite difference solution to the heat conduction equations, can be used to characterize in‐plane defects in the laminates and to predict the laminate response to the thermal test. The model was experimentally verified using two material systems. A parametric study was then conducted to ascertain which variables were critical to the success of passive thermal NDE, and how flaw resolution might be improved.