“…In the case of Eu 3+ , 5 major peaks can be detected in the emission spectra of SnO 2 :Eu 3+ when excited above the SnO 2 band gap: 5 D 0 7 F 0 (557 nm), 5 D 0 7 F 1 (593 nm), 5 D 0 7 F 2 (613 nm), 5 D 0 7 F 3 (650 nm), 5 D 0 7 F 4 (698 nm). Several other successful photoluminescence sensitization studies on Eu 3+ have been reported [3,6,10,11,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. Recent publications on Eu 3+ sensitization no longer focus on the novelty of emission efficiency but rather on the mechanisms of energy transfer -whether of resonance or non-resonance type [37] -and on the defect states in the nano lattice reportedly contributing to the overall efficiency.…”