TLproperties of many materials and their interaction with various types of radiation fields.+ The thermoluminescent efficiency, ak, is the ratio of the mean energy emitted as TL light, E+, to the mean energy, E, imparted to the TL material by the radiation field, a k = E+/B. d is sometimes referred to as the 'integral' dose in the irradiated volume and is defined as the expectation value of the imparted energy. $ The relative TL response, q k , , of a TL material of mass m, and volume V, is the ratio of the TL efficiences for the two radiation fields, k, I at 'low dose' Do, i.e. where .E+ is increasing linearly with dose:ak(Do)/ar(Do). 9: A tissue-equivalent material is one with atomic composition which closely approximates to the atomic composition of tissue. TL materials such as LiF, Li2B407, Be0 are nonetheless referred to as approximately 'tissue-equivalent' materials in gamma radiation fields because their effective atomic number and mass energy absorption coefficients for photoelectric absorption approximate to those of tissue (e.g. Jayachandran 1971).Y S Horo w itz irradiated material. Johnson also describes the use of an integrating period in the readout cycle which approximately cancels the growth of peaks 4-5 due to storage by including a certain fraction of peaks 2-3 which exhibit stronger fading. Ehrlich (1974) using fast preheating to 160°C did not observe 'sensitivity-transfer' in TLD-700; however, fading increased to 15% after 4 days. Indeed the fading of 'unannealed' LiF-TLDS is strongly dependent on the preheat cycle (Webb and Phykitt 1971, De Planque et a1 1980). Mason et a1 (1976) studied the effect of Ti in TLD-700 ( T1 = 300 "C, tl = 30 min) on the relative trap distributions associated with peaks 2 and 5 and concluded that the results of Booth etal (1972) were inconsistent with their data.'7. '7.' 7.