Thermolysis of methane in a solar reactor for mass-production of hydrogen and carbon nano-materials

Yeheskel, Jacob; Epstein, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2011.06.071

Cited by 37 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…5) Carbon nucleation followed by the formation and growth of carbon deposits Nowadays, most researchers agree that the reaction mechanism involves a free-radical scheme with the initiation and rate-limiting step corresponding to Eq. (1) [20,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45]. Nonetheless, a disagreement regarding the initiation step existed in the past and Eq.…”

Section: Reaction Mechanism Of Methane Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are considered the best candidate to industrialize the pyrolysis of methane [86,91] because they are cheaper and more environmentally-friendly than Co-and Ni-based catalysts [91][92][93][94]. Supported iron catalysts [86,91,[95][96][97][98], but also some bulk, non-supported catalysts (Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 ) [73,90,99,100] and organometallic precursors [43], have been tested. The use of organometallic compounds as iron precursors allows the in situ generation of catalysts for methane pyrolysis.…”

Section: Metal Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Methane Pyrolysis for CO₂‐Free H₂ Production: A Green Process to Overcome Renewable Energies Unsteadiness

Sanchez‐Bastardo

Schlögl

Ruland

2020

Chemie Ingenieur Technik

146

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The Carbon2Chem® project aims to convert exhaust gases from the steel industry into chemicals such as methanol to reduce CO2 emissions. Here, H2 is required for the conversion of CO2 into methanol. Although much effort is put to produce H2 from renewables, the use of fossil fuels, especially natural gas, seems to be fundamental in the short term. For this reason, the development of clean technologies for the processing of natural gas with a low environmental impact has become a topic of utmost importance. In this context, methane pyrolysis has received special attention to produce CO2‐free H2.

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Section: Reaction Mechanism Of Methane Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metal Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methane Pyrolysis for CO₂‐Free H₂ Production: A Green Process to Overcome Renewable Energies Unsteadiness

Sanchez‐Bastardo

Schlögl

Ruland

2020

Chemie Ingenieur Technik

146

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“…Solar cracking of methane: (9) and other light hydrocarbons has been investigated considerably in the past years [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42]. Methane cracking takes place through an initiation reaction:…”

Section: Reactors/receivers For Solar Crackingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More specifically, zirconia was used to for the reactor wall (see Figure 5). A conceptually similar configuration was employed for methane cracking by Yeheskel and Epstein [40] and will be discussed in more detail in Section 5.5.…”

Section: Reactors/receivers For Solar Crackingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodologies for the Design of Solar Receiver/Reactors for Thermochemical Hydrogen Production

Murmura

Annesini

2020

Processes

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Thermochemical hydrogen production is of great interest due to the potential for significantly reducing the dependence on fossil fuels as energy carriers. In a solar plant, the solar receiver is the unit in which solar energy is absorbed by a fluid and/or solid particles and converted into thermal energy. When the solar energy is used to drive a reaction, the receiver is also a reactor. The wide variety of thermochemical processes, and therefore of operating conditions, along with the technical requirements of coupling the receiver with the concentrating system have led to the development of numerous reactor configurations. The scope of this work is to identify general guidelines for the design of solar reactors/receivers. To do so, an overview is initially presented of solar receiver/reactor designs proposed in the literature for different applications. The main challenges of modeling these systems are then outlined. Finally, selected examples are discussed in greater detail to highlight the methodology through which the design of solar reactors can be optimized. It is found that the parameters most commonly employed to describe the performance of such a reactor are (i) energy conversion efficiency, (ii) energy losses associated with process irreversibilities, and (iii) thermo-mechanical stresses. The general choice of reactor design depends mainly on the type of reaction. The optimization procedure can then be carried out by acting on (i) the receiver shape and dimensions, (ii) the mode of reactant feed, and (iii) the particle morphology, in the case of solid reactants.

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“…Yeheskela and Epstein [58] developed and tested 10-kW particle-seeded solar chemical reactor for producing hydrogen and carbon nanotubes from methane. They used iron pentacarbonyl and ferrocene as catalysts to produce multi-walled carbon nanotubes.…”

Section: Directly Irradiated Solar Reactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel Production Using Concentrated Solar Energy

Taylan¹,

Berberoğlu²

2013

Application of Solar Energy

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Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/54057 . IntroductionLimited reserves of fossil fuels and their negative environmental effects impose significant problems in our energy security and sustainability. Consequently, researchers are looking for renewable energy sources, for instance solar energy, to meet the energy demands of a growing world population. However, terrestrial solar energy is a dilute resource per footprint area and is intermittent showing substantial variability depending on the season, time of the day, and location.One strategy to overcome these drawbacks of solar energy is to concentrate and use it for cleaning and upgrading dirty fuels such as coal and other hydrocarbons or converting renewable feedstocks such as biomass into carbon-neutral solar fuels. In this way, the intermittent and dilute solar energy can be concentrated and stored as a chemical fuel which can be easily integrated to our existing energy infrastructure. These advantages of solar fuels produced with concentrated solar radiation make them an attractive solution in our quest for renewable and clean fuels. Figure shows the energy potential and carbon emissions by most commonly used fuels along with solar hydrogen.Most common and available methods for solar fuel production are thermolysis, cracking, reforming, gasification and through thermochemical cycles. "ll these methods require high temperatures to produce solar fuel. Therefore, in these methods, there are some qualities of the feedstock or the reactor that need to be satisfied to attain high temperatures and efficient solar fuel production. For instance, the physical size and porosity of the feedstock play an important role. "s the surface area-to-volume ratio of the feedstock increases, more reaction sites will be available for the reaction to occur, which increases the process efficiency. The feedstock should also have a narrow bad gap to lower the energy requirement for chemical process. "dditionally, the material on the reactor walls should have high optical absorption to increase the temperature of the reactor and withstand high temperatures, and the win-

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Thermolysis of methane in a solar reactor for mass-production of hydrogen and carbon nano-materials

Cited by 37 publications

References 15 publications

Methane Pyrolysis for CO₂‐Free H₂ Production: A Green Process to Overcome Renewable Energies Unsteadiness

Methane Pyrolysis for CO₂‐Free H₂ Production: A Green Process to Overcome Renewable Energies Unsteadiness

Methodologies for the Design of Solar Receiver/Reactors for Thermochemical Hydrogen Production

Fuel Production Using Concentrated Solar Energy

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Thermolysis of methane in a solar reactor for mass-production of hydrogen and carbon nano-materials

Cited by 37 publications

References 15 publications

Methane Pyrolysis for CO2‐Free H2 Production: A Green Process to Overcome Renewable Energies Unsteadiness

Methane Pyrolysis for CO2‐Free H2 Production: A Green Process to Overcome Renewable Energies Unsteadiness

Methodologies for the Design of Solar Receiver/Reactors for Thermochemical Hydrogen Production

Fuel Production Using Concentrated Solar Energy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Methane Pyrolysis for CO₂‐Free H₂ Production: A Green Process to Overcome Renewable Energies Unsteadiness

Methane Pyrolysis for CO₂‐Free H₂ Production: A Green Process to Overcome Renewable Energies Unsteadiness