Thermomechanical characteristics of benzoxazine–urethane copolymers and their carbon fiber‐reinforced composites

Rimdusit, Sarawut; Liengvachiranon, Chalinee; Tiptipakorn, Sunan; Jubsilp, Chanchira

doi:10.1002/app.30344

Cited by 26 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Therefore, one benefit of incorporating the PU into the polybenzoxazine network was to improve the thermal stability of the polybenzoxazine as a result of crosslinking density enhancement. In addition, the residual weight at 800 o C of the BA/PU polymer alloys was found to decrease with increasing the PU fraction in the polymer alloys which was consistent with the value previously reported [35]. This can be explained as the structure of the polybenzoxazine contained a more thermally stable benzene rings compared to the mostly aliphatic structure of the diol in the urethane.…”

Section: Properties Of Cured Ba/pu Alloyssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…1, the increase of PU content resulted in the increase in the crosslink density of the polymer alloy. This could be observed from the increase of the storage modulus in the rubbery plateau region and the T g s as previously reported [35]. The phenomenon was attributed to the additional crosslinking caused by the reaction between an isocyanate group of urethane resin and a hydroxyl group of polybenzoxazine after the phenolic hydroxyl group from the ring opening of benzoxazine resin was produced [38][39].…”

Section: Properties Of Cured Ba/pu Alloyssupporting

confidence: 56%

“…As seen in Fig. 1, the storage moduli (E) in the glassy state of the BA/PU polymer alloys expectedly decreased with increasing the PU fraction due to the incorporation of the more flexible structure of PU in the alloys as already described by Rimdusit et al [35]. The urethane prepolymer molecule contains a large number of ether linkages in which the internal movement of the molecules is very active compared with the rigid phenolic structure of the polybenzoxazine resulting in the lowering of the stiffness of the alloys.…”

Section: Properties Of Cured Ba/pu Alloyssupporting

confidence: 49%

“…The T g values of the BA/PU polymer alloys showed a synergistic behaviors as T g s were observed to increase to the values greater than that of both parent polymers with increasing the amount of the PU fraction. The T g s of the PU and the polybenzoxazine were reported to be about -70 o C and 165 o C, respectively [35]. However, the T g s of the fully cured BA/PU polymer alloys were observed to be 165 From Fig.…”

Section: Properties Of Cured Ba/pu Alloysmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Urethane elastomer was also used to alloy with benzoxazine resin to improve thermal stability and mechanical properties of the resulting polymer hybrids [34]. In this work, the word -alloy‖ was used in stead of -blend‖ because there has been evident from some previous works [35][36][37] that the chemical bonding were generated between polybenzoxazine and urethane elastomer. This makes it possible to fine tune and enhance the properties of the ballistic armor composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

KevlarTM Fiber-Reinforced Polybenzoxazine Alloys for Ballistic Impact Application

Rimdusit

Pathomsap²,

Kasemsiri³

et al. 2011

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Abstract. A light weight ballistic composites from KevlarTM -reinforcing fiber having polybenzoxazine (BA)/urethane prepolymer (PU) alloys as a matrix were investigated in this work. The effect of alloy compositions on the ballistic composite properties was determined. The increase of the elastomeric PU content in the BA/PU alloy resulted in samples with tougher characteristics; the storage modulus of the Kevlar TM -reinforced BA/PU composites increased with increasing the mass fraction of polybenzoxazine. A ballistic impact test was also performed on the Kevlar TM -reinforced BA/PU composites using a 9 mm handgun and it was found that the optimal composition of BA/PU alloys should be approximately 20wt% of PU. The extent of the delaminated area and interfacial fracture were observed to change with the varied compositions of the matrix alloys. The appropriate thickness of Kevlar TM -reinforced 80/20 BA/PU composite panel was 30 plies and 50 plies to resist the penetration from the ballistic impact equivalent to levels II-A and III-A of NIJ standard. The arrangement of composite panels with the higher stiffness panel at the front side also showed the best efficiency ballistic penetration resistance.

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Section: Properties Of Cured Ba/pu Alloyssupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Properties Of Cured Ba/pu Alloyssupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Properties Of Cured Ba/pu Alloyssupporting

confidence: 49%

Section: Properties Of Cured Ba/pu Alloysmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

KevlarTM Fiber-Reinforced Polybenzoxazine Alloys for Ballistic Impact Application

Rimdusit

Pathomsap²,

Kasemsiri³

et al. 2011

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Enhanced film forming ability of benzoxazine–urethane hybrid polymer network by sequential cure method

Rimdusit

Sudjidjune

Jubsilp

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Uniform copolymer films of benzoxazine resin (BA-a) and urethane prepolymer (PU) were prepared at various BA-a/PU mass ratios (100/0, 80/20, 60/40, 40/60, 20/80, and 0/100) via sequential cure method comprising of moisture cure and thermal cure steps. In the moisture cure step, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectra revealed the network formation between NCOterminated group and moisture to firstly produce PU solid film. Then in the thermal cure step, the change of tri-substituted benzene ring to tetra-substituted benzene ring was observed suggesting polybenzoxazine network formation in this step. Moreover, the spectra reveal that isocyanate groups in polyurethane structure could react with phenolic hydroxyl groups of BA-a to form biuret and allophanate groups. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) confirms a synergistic behavior in glass transition temperature (T g ) of the alloys with the highest T g value of 275 C which is uniquely observed in these alloys obtained from traditionally thermal cure method. The proposed sequential cure method above is found to be highly useful for uniform coating or film casting process which lacks in traditional, low A-stage viscosity, benzoxazine resin.

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Co‐catalytic system design for deriving reactive diluent to construct robust benzoxazine resin with microphase‐separated structure

Xiang

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Exploitation a facile and effective strategy for preparing benzoxazine resins with outstanding processability and robust mechanical properties still exists a challenge. In this work, a co‐catalytic concept was proposed to fabricate high‐performance benzoxazine resin by employing curing agent to derive reactive diluent to construct microphase‐separated system. Given on the design, the reactive diluent dissolved solid benzoxazine into a low‐viscosity solution, after which the curing agent presented a catalytic effect on diluent and benzoxazine to optimize the curing crosslinking reactions. As a result, it not only increased crosslinking density for a stable mechanical network, but also induced a microphase‐separated structure to effectively dissipate energy for a strong yet tough resin system, as proved by Fourier transform infrared, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic mechanical analyses measurements. Moreover, the as‐prepared modified benzoxazine resin showed great potential to fabricated composites with glass fiber, in which the values of tensile strength, elongation at break, and toughness presented an improvement of 212.1%, 106.8%, and 75.0% compared to composite with pristine PH‐ddm and glass fiber, respectively. These results suggested an effective path to improve the processability and overall mechanical properties of benzoxazine resins, opening a new strategy to develop high‐performance benzoxazine materials.

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Thermomechanical characteristics of benzoxazine–urethane copolymers and their carbon fiber‐reinforced composites

Cited by 26 publications

References 35 publications

KevlarTM Fiber-Reinforced Polybenzoxazine Alloys for Ballistic Impact Application

KevlarTM Fiber-Reinforced Polybenzoxazine Alloys for Ballistic Impact Application

Enhanced film forming ability of benzoxazine–urethane hybrid polymer network by sequential cure method

Co‐catalytic system design for deriving reactive diluent to construct robust benzoxazine resin with microphase‐separated structure

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