The present work deals with solid-solid phase change and is founded on the global and local construction of energy balance during load-unload cycles. Such a construction requires information derived from infrared thermography (IRT) and digital image correlation (DIC). During cyclic tensile tests, the energy fields associated with a CuAlBe single crystal allowed the propagating bands of phase change front to be exhibited. The heat involved in the transformation was essentially made of latent heat of phase change, the mechanical energy dissipation remaining of low intensity. A 3D modeling was then proposed in the framework of the generalized standard material formalism in which the phase change appears as an anisothermal coupling mechanism accompanied by a low intrinsic dissipation. The good qualitative agreement between experiments and simulations legitimated the physical interpretation proposed for the phase change.
Rough outlineThe literature proposes various approaches to model the behaviour of shape memory alloys (SMA). Some authors based their models on the crystallographic origin of the solid-solid phase change [1, 2], whereas others developed phenomenological models taking into account classical thermodynamic descriptions of state change [3]. Finally, models using material plasticity concepts can be found [4].In order to improve the solid-solid phase change understanding, the present communication intends to show that a better characterization of the energy effects and localization mechanisms accompanying the phase transformation is necessary. In this perspective, we briefly introduce the thermomechanical framework used to describe the experiments will be briefly introduced. The energy balance associated with a load-unload cycle has to be particularly detailed in order to show the different possible energy contributions that can lead to a hysteretic behaviour.Then, some experimental results obtained during a uniaxial testing of single-crystal CuAlBe samples are presented. Kinematic and calorimetric effects associated with the phase change inception and with its localized propagation were monitored using full-field DIC and infrared IRT measurements. Global and local energy balances confirme the predominance of latent heat of phase change with respect to the dissipated energy, as already observed with polycrystalline SMA [5].Finally a voluntarily simple mono-variant thermomechanical model, taking into account the previous energy properties, is proposed. Several numerical simulations show the main role played by 1 vigneron@lmgc.univ-montp2.fr