Thermomechanical history effects on rigid PVC microstructure and impact properties

Fillot, Louise-Anne; Hajji, Philippe; Gauthier, Catherine; Masenelli‐Varlot, Karine

doi:10.1002/app.25688

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…As a result, impact strength is reduced and sometimes fluctuates. Similar effects have been observed by Fillot et al [24]. Figure 4 displays the variation of hardness with the quantity of scrap mixed with the PVC resin and additives.…”

Section: Effect Of Proportion Of Home and External Scrap On The Mechasupporting

confidence: 70%

Effect of Proportion of Home and External Scrap on the Mechanical Properties of Recycled Pvc: A Comparative Study

Uddin¹,

Gulshan

Kurny³

2015

J. Mech. Eng. Sci.

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Raw material powder mixtures have been prepared with PVC resin, unplasticized polyvinylchloride (uPVC) scrap and additives. A twin screw extruder has been used to make pipe for sample preparation from the mixture. Domestic and external uPVC scrap were formulated and blended with PVC resin to form melt compound. Domestic samples designated as DS-10, DS-20, DS-30, DS-40, DS-50 and DS-100 have been prepared by blending 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 phr and 100% uPVC domestic scrap with PVC resin and various additives, followed by extrusion, flattening and machining. Following a similar procedure, external samples such as ES-10, ES-20, ES-30, ES-40, ES-50 and ES-100 have been prepared using external uPVC scrap. The effects of the proportions of uPVC scrap in the raw material mix on the mechanical properties such as break stress (BS), % elongation at break, flexural yield strength [1], impact strength (IS) and Shore hardness were investigated. The maximum decrease in break stress is 11.40% for 20 phr domestic scrap, while in samples containing external scrap this decrease is 15.71% for 40 phr scrap. The minimum and maximum reduction in IS values of DS are recorded 1.0% for DS-10 and 27.4% for DS-40, respectively, whereas the minimum and maximum decrease in IS values of ES recorded are 9.6% for ES-10 and 39.2% for ES-50, respectively. The minimum and maximum increase in hardness values of DS are recorded as 0.07% for DS-40 and 2.8% for DS-10, respectively, whereas the minimum and maximum reduction in hardness values of ES are recorded as 1.2% for ES-50 and 2.2% for ES-20, respectively. The mechanical properties of samples were found to deteriorate with increasing quantity of scrap in the raw material mix, the effects of external scrap being more prominent.

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Section: Effect Of Proportion Of Home and External Scrap On The Mechasupporting

confidence: 70%

Effect of Proportion of Home and External Scrap on the Mechanical Properties of Recycled Pvc: A Comparative Study

Uddin¹,

Gulshan

Kurny³

2015

J. Mech. Eng. Sci.

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“…The aging induced changes in intrinsic behaviour can thus lead to a transition from ductile towards (macroscopically) brittle behaviour, which is indeed observed in studies on the influence of physical aging on the Izod13, 20, 21 and Charpy22 impact performance of uPVC. It is known that the decrease in impact performance leads to a shift of the ductile to brittle transition temperature towards higher temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Influence of physical aging on impact embrittlement of uPVC pipes

Visser

Bor

Wolters

et al. 2011

Plastics, Rubber and Composites

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Most failures of unplasticised poly(vinyl chloride) (uPVC) pipes used in the Dutch gas distribution network originate from third party damage. Brittle pipes should therefore be replaced to ensure safe operation of the network. In this study, the relation between physical aging and embrittlement of uPVC is investigated using instrumented falling weight impact tests. The ductile to brittle transition temperature was first measured for a water pipe grade uPVC at different stages of aging. As a hypothesis, a critical stress criterion is proposed above which failure is brittle. The evolution of the ductile to brittle transition temperature that followed from the use of this hypothesis and a model for the polymer yield stress agrees qualitatively with the experimental data. A minor increase in transition temperature was observed for the water pipe grade with aging. Applying the same hypothesis to a uPVC gas pipe grade shows a more pronounced influence of physical aging.

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“…An increase in strain softening (thus an increased drop in stress after the onset of flow at yield, the so‐called yield‐drop) leads to a more localized plastic zone and to a stronger build‐up of local hydrostatic stress,23 increasing the probability to surpass the critical value required for void nucleation, triggering a D–B transition. Prime examples are the well‐known annealing‐induced embrittlement of PC5, 22, 23, 45 and PVC,46–48 as well as the temperature‐ and strain‐rate‐induced embrittlement of PS and PMMA 49. The opposite is also true and by reduction of strain softening through quenching50 or a mechanical pre‐treatment,5, 24, 25, 51 strain localization is reduced and B–D transitions are observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rate‐ and temperature‐dependent strain softening in solid polymers

Breemen

Engels

Klompen

et al. 2012

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

116

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It is demonstrated that a large number of solid polymers (PMMA, PLLA, iPP, PS) display a pronounced change in kinetics (strain-rate and temperature dependence) after yield. The phenomenon finds its origin in the fact that, in specific ranges of temperature and strain rate, two different molecular processes may contribute to the yield stress. Because of strain softening, the post-yield response is only controlled by one of the two, resulting in a strain-rate dependence of the yield drop. The universality of the phenomenon is discussed in connection to the alleged influence of secondary transitions on the impact response of polymer glasses. A modification of the finite-strain elasto-viscoplastic EGP-model is proposed to enable an accurate description of the mechanical response of solid polymers in the transition range. The versatility of the model is demonstrated on the temperature and strain-rate dependence of the intrinsic mechanical behavior of PMMA, iPP, PS, and PLLA.

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Thermomechanical history effects on rigid PVC microstructure and impact properties

Cited by 14 publications

References 26 publications

Effect of Proportion of Home and External Scrap on the Mechanical Properties of Recycled Pvc: A Comparative Study

Effect of Proportion of Home and External Scrap on the Mechanical Properties of Recycled Pvc: A Comparative Study

Influence of physical aging on impact embrittlement of uPVC pipes

Rate‐ and temperature‐dependent strain softening in solid polymers

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