Thermooxidative aging and kinetics of the thermooxidative degradation of ethylene–propylene–diene terpolymer‐<i>graft</i>‐maleic anhydride/calcium carbonate composites

Zhang, Jun; Yao, Yongzhong; Li, Li; Zhou, Ninglin; Huang, Yingxia; Ma, Zhen-Mao; Shen, Jian

doi:10.1002/app.25376

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…A variety of black and nonblack fillers of the reinforcing and nonreinforcing types cater to this need. Among several fillers, silica and carbon black are the most important reinforcing agents used in compounding recipes 1–9. Despite being well known for their strong interactions with rubbers, these fillers are relatively expensive compared with natural fillers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of lime kiln dust as a filler in the natural rubber industry

Arayapranee

Rempel

2010

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Lime kiln dust (LKD) obtained from kraft chemical recovery systems by conversion of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) back into calcium oxide (CaO) for reuse in the causticizing process, is mainly composed of CaCO 3 . A two-stage conventional mixing procedure was used to incorporate LKD into natural rubber (NR). For comparison purposes, four commercial fillers, stearic acid coated CaCO 3 , ground CaCO 3 , silica, and carbon black, were also used. The effect of these fillers on the curing characteristics and mechanical properties of NR materials at various loadings ranging from 0 to 60 phr were studied. The results indicate that the use of LKD filler resulted in a lower Mooney viscosity and shorter curing time in the NR materials. The incorporation of LKD into NR improved the Young's modulus and hardness but decreased the tensile strength and tear strength. However, LKD was better in processability than the commercial fillers. Scanning electron micrographs revealed that the morphology of the rubbers filled with reinforcing fillers, such as silica and carbon black, was finer and more homogeneous compared to the those of the rubbers filled with LKD and commercial CaCO 3 . The dispersion of LKD and commercial CaCO 3 fillers in the rubber matrix was discontinuous, which in turn, generated a weak structure compared with the reinforcing fillers. According to these observations, LKD could be used as a cheaper filler for NR materials where improved mechanical properties are not critical.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of lime kiln dust as a filler in the natural rubber industry

Arayapranee

Rempel

2010

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…When NR is blended with EPDM, it is often found necessary to modify it with fillers to improve the modulus, failure properties (tensile and tear strength), and abrasion resistance and reduce unit manufacturing costs while maintaining a high level of product quality and performance. Many studies on the mechanical properties of various rubber compounds have been reported, including the effect of the type and the amount of rubber and filler, and the interaction between rubbers and fillers 3–11. Filler dispersion also plays an important role in reinforcement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of the properties of rice husk ash, silica, and calcium carbonate filled 75 : 25 NR/EPDM blends

Arayapranee

Rempel

2008

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The effects of incorporation of three different fillers, i.e., rice husk ash (RHA), silica, and calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), over a loading range of 0-60 phr on the curing characteristics, processability, mechanical properties, and morphology of 75 : 25 natural rubber (NR)/ethylenepropylene-diene monomer (EPDM) blends were studied using a conventional vulcanization system. Filler loading and type influence the processability of the blends in which RHA and CaCO 3 offer better processing advantage over silica. The best improvement in the tensile and tear strength and abrasion resistance of the 75 : 25 NR/EPDM blends with additional fillers was achieved when filled with silica. However, RHA and CaCO 3 were better in resilience property compared to that of silica. The RHA filled blends showed higher failure properties and abrasion resistance but lower ozone resistance than that containing CaCO 3 . Scanning electron micrographs revealed that the morphology of the blend filled with silica is finer and more homogenous compared to the blend filled with RHA and CaCO 3 . According to these observations, RHA can be used as a cheaper filler to replace CaCO 3 in rubber blends where improved mechanical properties are not so critical.

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Thermooxidative aging and kinetics of the thermooxidative degradation of ethylene–propylene–diene terpolymer‐graft‐maleic anhydride/calcium carbonate composites

Cited by 2 publications

References 17 publications

Application of lime kiln dust as a filler in the natural rubber industry

Application of lime kiln dust as a filler in the natural rubber industry

A comparison of the properties of rice husk ash, silica, and calcium carbonate filled 75 : 25 NR/EPDM blends

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