Thermoplastic composites manufacturing by thermoforming

Akkerman, Remko; Haanappel, Sebastiaan

doi:10.1016/b978-1-78242-307-2.00006-3

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The wrinkling development in terms of size and pattern is strongly influenced by the different element types, whereas the elements known to behave too stiff under bending deformation tend to have larger wrinkles form. These results agree with the observations made in literature [20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Hemispher Hemisphere T E Test F Est For Hig or Highl Hly Anisotr Y Anisotropic Mat Opic Materials Erialsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…A higher bending stiffness in the unidirectional case leads to a straightening of the wrinkles located towards the edges, while for a lower bending stiffness more wrinkles perpendicular to the x-axis are forming. These results agree with the observations made in the literature [20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Membr Membrane-bending Decoupling Ane-bending Decouplingsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…bending deformations [22]. Thus, it shows a forming behaviour very similar to the shell element for a smaller aspect ratio 1 and only slightly too stiff for 2.…”

Section: Hemispher Hemisphere T E Test F Est For Hig or Highl Hly Anisotr Y Anisotropic Mat Opic Materials Erialmentioning

confidence: 76%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Potential and challenges of a solid-shell element for the macroscopic forming simulation of engineering textiles

Schäfer¹,

Dörr²,

Kärger³

2021

Esaform 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Finite element (FE) forming simulation offers the possibility of a detailed analysis of the deformation behaviour of engineering textiles during forming processes, to predict possible manufacturing effects such as wrinkling or local changes in fibre volume content. The majority of macroscopic simulations are based on conventional two-dimensional shell elements with large aspect ratios to model the membrane and bending behaviour of thin fabrics efficiently. However, a three-dimensional element approach is necessary to account for stresses and strains in thickness direction accurately, which is required for processes with a significant influence of the fabric’s compaction behaviour, e.g. wet compression moulding. Conventional linear 3D-solid elements that would be commercially available for this purpose are rarely suitable for high aspect ratio forming simulations. They are often subjected to several locking phenomena under bending deformation, which leads to a strong dependence of the element formulation on the forming behaviour [1]. Therefore, in the present work a 3D hexahedral solid-shell element, based on the initial work of Schwarze and Reese [2,3], which has shown promising results for the forming of thin isotropic materials [1], is extended for highly anisotropic materials. The advantages of a locking-free element formulation are shown through a comparison to commercially available solid and shell elements in forming simulations of a generic geometry. Additionally, first ideas for an approach of a membrane-bending-decoupling based on a Taylor approximation of the strain are discussed, which is necessary for an accurate description of the deformation behaviour of thin fabrics.

show abstract

Section: Hemispher Hemisphere T E Test F Est For Hig or Highl Hly Anisotr Y Anisotropic Mat Opic Materials Erialsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Membr Membrane-bending Decoupling Ane-bending Decouplingsupporting

confidence: 93%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Potential and challenges of a solid-shell element for the macroscopic forming simulation of engineering textiles

Schäfer¹,

Dörr²,

Kärger³

2021

Esaform 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Software have been invented for composite forming [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] and resin flow [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. In addition, simultaneous ply-forming of a multilayered composite has been found to increase manufacturing efficiency [20][21][22][23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of Wrinkling during Bending of Composite Reinforcement Laminates

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

When a thick laminate is subjected to bending, under certain boundary conditions, wrinkles may appear and develop due to the inextensibility of the fibers. Wrinkling is one of the most critical defects in composite manufacturing. Numerical simulation of the onset and growth of such wrinkles is an important tool for defining optimal process parameters. Herein, several bending experiments of thick laminates are presented. They were found to lead to severe wrinkling and delamination of different kinds. It is shown that the history of loading changed the developed wrinkles. Stress resultant shell finite elements specific to textile reinforcement forming show their relevance to provide, for these wrinkles induced by bending, results in good agreement with the experiments, both with regard to the onset of the wrinkles and to their development. This numerical approach was used to improve the understanding of the phenomena involved in wrinkling and to define the conditions required to avoid it in a given process.

show abstract

“…Forming of thermoplastic composites has been investigated since the end of the last century [21] until today [22][23][24][25], due to the extensive possibilities that press forming may offer, apart from cost and time-savings. Compression moulding is a fast, repeatable and cost-effective manufacturing process.…”

Section: Compression Mouldingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and real-time process monitoring of thermoplastic composites manufacturing processes

Gutiérrez¹

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There is a renewed interest on thermoplastic composites by the aerospace industry. This is mainly due to the main advantages that thermoplastic composites may offer, along with the recent development of promising manufacturing techniques, which are very close to reach the maturity and the production rates that the industry demands. The main advantages that thermoplastic may offer mainly consist of high strength and impact resistance, unlimited shelf life, low water absorption, short processing times and the opportunity of alternative out-of-autoclave (ooA) processing technologies. Some examples of the mentioned promising technologies that are nowadays being improved are compression moulding, induction welding, over-moulding or automated fibre placement (AFP) with in-situ consolidation system (AFP-ISC). AFP-ISC process consists on the automated lamination of thermoplastic tapes which are melted by a heat source and consolidated by a compaction unit over a previously consolidated substrate. The part is quickly cooled down and solidified. In this way, melting and consolidation of the part can be performed in a single step This study aimed to characterize and compare different OoA manufacturing methods with a particular emphasis on laser-assisted AFP-ISC. In addition to that, the present investigation also aimed to develop a real-time process monitoring methodology by means of optical fibre Bragg grating sensors (FBG).

show abstract

Thermoplastic composites manufacturing by thermoforming

Cited by 21 publications

References 15 publications

Potential and challenges of a solid-shell element for the macroscopic forming simulation of engineering textiles

Potential and challenges of a solid-shell element for the macroscopic forming simulation of engineering textiles

Simulation of Wrinkling during Bending of Composite Reinforcement Laminates

Characterization and real-time process monitoring of thermoplastic composites manufacturing processes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About