Thermoplastic lignocellulose materials: A review on recent advancement and utilities

Tsegaye, Bahiru; Ström, Anna; Hedenqvist, Mikael S.

doi:10.1016/j.carpta.2023.100319

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…For the formation of parts by extrusion and IM using biomass as reinforcement, it is important to consider the processing temperature. Lignocellulose has two zones where its main components are lost, between 200-250 • C where amorphous cellulose and hemicellulose are degraded, and between 360-540 • C where lignin is degraded [150,[155][156][157]. This parameter can affect the tensile strength and stiffness of the obtained product [158].…”

Section: Cellulose and Hemicellulose Used In Injection Moldingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymeric Materials Obtained by Extrusion and Injection Molding from Lignocellulosic Agroindustrial Biomass

Pacheco,

Evangelista-Osorio,

Muchaypiña-Flores

et al. 2023

Polymers

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This review presents the advances in polymeric materials achieved by extrusion and injection molding from lignocellulosic agroindustrial biomass. Biomass, which is derived from agricultural and industrial waste, is a renewable and abundant feedstock that contains mainly cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. To improve the properties and functions of polymeric materials, cellulose is subjected to a variety of modifications. The most common modifications are surface modification, grafting, chemical procedures, and molecule chemical grafting. Injection molding and extrusion technologies are crucial in shaping and manufacturing polymer composites, with precise control over the process and material selection. Furthermore, injection molding involves four phases: plasticization, injection, cooling, and ejection, with a focus on energy efficiency. Fundamental aspects of an injection molding machine, such as the motor, hopper, heating units, nozzle, and clamping unit, are discussed. Extrusion technology, commonly used as a preliminary step to injection molding, presents challenges regarding fiber reinforcement and stress accumulation, while lignin-based polymeric materials are challenging due to their hydrophobicity. The diverse applications of these biodegradable materials include automotive industries, construction, food packaging, and various consumer goods. Polymeric materials are positioned to offer even bigger contributions to sustainable and eco-friendly solutions in the future, as research and development continues.

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Section: Cellulose and Hemicellulose Used In Injection Moldingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymeric Materials Obtained by Extrusion and Injection Molding from Lignocellulosic Agroindustrial Biomass

Pacheco,

Evangelista-Osorio,

Muchaypiña-Flores

et al. 2023

Polymers

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“…Similarly, S. S. Ray and M. Bousmina 8 reviewed the properties and potential applications of a wide range of biodegradable polymers, contributing to the understanding of sustainable materials. Tsegaye et al 9 emphasized the underexploited potential of lignocellulosic biomass in bio-based plastic production, highlighting the nite nature of fossil resources and the need for a transition to renewable alternatives. Iroegbu Austine Ofondu, C., and Ray, S.S., in their review 10 , highlighted the potential of biorenewable nanocomposites, emphasizing ongoing efforts to overcome limitations and promote sustainability in materials development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data Analytics based Surface Energy Analysis of Natural Fibers Treated with CMC Powder, Epoxy Resin along with Amine-based Hardeners for Improved Adhesion

Mishra,

Paliwal,

Chakrabarti

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The comparative analysis of surface energy in natural fibers is a pivotal exploration that delves into the intricate dynamics governing the interaction between fibers and composite additives. This study investigated the surface energy responses of jute, coconut coir, hemp, bamboo, and flax fibers. The evaluation of surface energy has been conducted by employing the Young-Dupre equation, considering an epoxy resin augmented with an amine-based hardener and CMC powder. The optimum concentration of the amine-based hardener has been identified for the conduction of comparative study under standardized conditions. The study identified that Jute fiber exhibited a remarkable and distinctive response to the addition of CMC powder among selected natural fibers. The surface energy levels of jute surpassed other natural fibers, especially when the CMC powder concentration exceeded 1.5%. The findings suggest that the use of CMC powder in combination with epoxy resin and amine-based hardeners can significantly improve the surface energy of natural fibers.

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“…The development of thermoplastic materials from the various components of lignocellulose biomass still represents challenging work [15]. Examples have included molded thermoplastic materials obtained through the extrusion of eucalypt wood with a high degree of acetylation [16] or through the injection of kneaded mulberry branches in NaOH/urea solution plasticized using glycerol and glycerol triacetate [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wood Esterification by Fatty Acids Using Trifluoroacetic Anhydride as an Impelling Agent and Its Application for the Synthesis of a New Bioplastic

Sejati,

Obounou Akong,

Fradet

et al. 2023

Materials

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Fatty acids (FA) and their derivatives with long alkyl chain structures are good candidates for wood esterification to confer thermoplastic properties to wood. Nevertheless, they do not react easily with hydroxyl groups of wood. In this study, we investigated the reactivity of wood with various fatty acids of different chain lengths using trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA) as the impelling agent in various reaction conditions. Generally, the esterification of fatty acids without solvents resulted in higher Weight Percentage Gain (WPG) and ester content than the reaction in the presence of CH2Cl2. The esterification reaction could be performed effectively at room temperature, though an increased reaction temperature provoked degradation of the esterified wood. WPG of 67% was obtained for the C3 and 253% for the C16 alkyl chain analogs, respectively. Nevertheless, the ester content was fairly uniform, with values between 10.60 and 11.81 mmol ester/gram of wood for all chain lengths. A higher quantity of reagent led to higher ester content, which tended to stabilize after a ratio of 1:4 wood and TFAA/FA. The esterification reaction was performed rapidly, with an ester content between 7.65 and 9.94 mmol ester/gram of wood being achieved only after 15 min of reaction. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was performed to confirm the drastic chemical changes of wood before and after esterification. Morphological observation by scanning electron microscope (SEM), softening measurement by thermomechanical analysis (TMA), and contact angle measurements demonstrated the possibility of esterified spruce wood being applied as a new bioplastic.

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Thermoplastic lignocellulose materials: A review on recent advancement and utilities

Cited by 6 publications

References 91 publications

Polymeric Materials Obtained by Extrusion and Injection Molding from Lignocellulosic Agroindustrial Biomass

Polymeric Materials Obtained by Extrusion and Injection Molding from Lignocellulosic Agroindustrial Biomass

Data Analytics based Surface Energy Analysis of Natural Fibers Treated with CMC Powder, Epoxy Resin along with Amine-based Hardeners for Improved Adhesion

Wood Esterification by Fatty Acids Using Trifluoroacetic Anhydride as an Impelling Agent and Its Application for the Synthesis of a New Bioplastic

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