Thermoplastic polyurethane composites reinforced with renewable and sustainable fillers – a review

Khalifa, Mohammed; Anandhan, S.; Wuzella, Günter; Lammer, Herfried; Mahendran, Arunjunai Raj

doi:10.1080/25740881.2020.1768544

Cited by 45 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…The increase in thermal stability with an increase for MMT in the TPU matrix has also been reported in previous studies [56]. The improvement in thermal stability of the clay-TPU nanocomposite was found to be directly connected to the degree of dispersion of the nanoclay in the TPU matrix [89]. Enhancement of the thermal stability, along with the flame-retardant property of the clay-TPU nanocomposite, has been observed [90].…”

Section: Thermal Properties Of Nanofiller-tpu Nanocompositessupporting

confidence: 75%

“…In some other studies, a lower T g of the nanocomposite, as compared to the TPU matrix, has been reported [88]. The thermal stability of the clay-TPU nanocomposite will increase after the complete decomposition of the modifier compared to that of the TPU matrix [89]. An increase in the amount of clay from 1 to 5 wt.% was reported to increase the thermal stability of the TPU matrix from 12 to 34 • C, respectively [52].…”

Section: Thermal Properties Of Nanofiller-tpu Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 87%

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Investigating Physio-Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Polyurethane and Thermoplastics Nanocomposite in Various Applications

et al. 2021

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The effect of the soft and hard polyurethane (PU) segments caused by the hydrogen link in phase-separation kinetics was studied to investigate the morphological annealing of PU and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The significance of the segmented PUs is to achieve enough stability for further applications in biomedical and environmental fields. In addition, other research focuses on widening the plastic features and adjusting the PU–polyimide ratio to create elastomer of the poly(urethane-imide). Regarding TPU- and PU-nanocomposite, numerous studies investigated the incorporation of inorganic nanofillers such as carbon or clay to incorporating TPU-nanocomposite in several applications. Additionally, the complete exfoliation was observed up to 5% and 3% of TPU–clay modified with 12 amino lauric acid and benzidine, respectively. PU-nanocomposite of 5 wt.% Cloisite®30B showed an increase in modulus and tensile strength by 110% and 160%, respectively. However, the nanocomposite PU-0.5 wt.% Carbone Nanotubes (CNTs) show an increase in the tensile modulus by 30% to 90% for blown and flat films, respectively. Coating PU influences stress-strain behavior because of the interaction between the soft segment and physical crosslinkers. The thermophysical properties of the TPU matrix have shown two glass transition temperatures (Tg’s) corresponding to the soft and the hard segment. Adding a small amount of tethered clay shifts Tg for both segments by 44 °C and 13 °C, respectively, while adding clay from 1 to 5 wt.% results in increasing the thermal stability of TPU composite from 12 to 34 °C, respectively. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to investigate the phase structure of PU dispersion, showing an increase in thermal stability, solubility, and flexibility. Regarding the electrical properties, the maximum piezoresistivity (10 S/m) of 7.4 wt.% MWCNT was enhanced by 92.92%. The chemical structure of the PU–CNT composite has shown a degree of agglomeration under disruption of the sp2 carbon structure. However, with extended graphene loading to 5.7 wt.%, piezoresistivity could hit 10-1 S/m, less than 100 times that of PU. In addition to electrical properties, the acoustic behavior of MWCNT (0.35 wt.%)/SiO2 (0.2 wt.%)/PU has shown sound absorption of 80 dB compared to the PU foam sample. Other nanofillers, such as SiO2, TiO2, ZnO, Al2O3, were studied showing an improvement in the thermal stability of the polymer and enhancing scratch and abrasion resistance.

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Section: Thermal Properties Of Nanofiller-tpu Nanocompositessupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Thermal Properties Of Nanofiller-tpu Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 87%

Investigating Physio-Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Polyurethane and Thermoplastics Nanocomposite in Various Applications

et al. 2021

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“…The properties and performance of these composites are influenced by the filler properties, TPU physicochemical characteristics and the filler arrangement in the polymer matrix. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] A broad range of fillers at a variety of contents and with various physical and chemical features have been already incorporated into polymeric matrices and the properties of the resulting composites have been studied. [8][9][10] Carbon-based nanomaterials have become a fascinating filler type for nanocomposite preparation due to outstanding electrical and thermal conductivities as well as their fibrillar structure and excellent mechanical resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mono‐filler and bi‐filler composites based on thermoplastic polyurethane, carbon fibers and carbon nanotubes with improved physicomechanical and engineering properties

Farzaneh

Rostami

Nazockdast

2021

Polymer International

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Two types of carbon-based fillers, i.e. multi-walled carbon nanotubes and carbon fibers, were incorporated into thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) through melt mixing to prepare mono-filler and bi-filler composites. It was evaluated as to how much the properties of bi-filler composites were different from those of their mono-filler counterparts. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and time sweep rheological measurements were employed to study the microphase separation of TPU. The quantitative results of ATR-FTIR corroborated that the bi-filler composites possessed greater microphase separation compared to their mono-filler counterparts. The kinetics of networks formed by microphase separation was accelerated for the composite samples compared to neat TPU. The fillers acting as platforms provided a suitable surface for the hard segments to form microphase-separated domain networks. Conductivity measurement proved that the electrical conductivity values of the bi-filler composites were higher than those of the mono-filler counterparts and the simultaneous presence of fillers decreased the electrical percolation threshold. Moreover, the effect of shear deformation applied during the processing on the rheological and electrical properties of the mono-filler and bi-filler composites was evaluated. It was found that shearing at low rates increased the cross-time of G 0 and G 00 , and vice versa. Shearing at an intermediate rate of 20 s −1 promoted the electrical conductivity of both mono-filler and bi-filler composites and coherently decreased the electrical percolation threshold.

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“…In the context of sustainable textiles, thermoplastic poly(acetal-urethane)s (PAUs) are particularly interesting, because in general thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) offer an attractive alternative to non-recyclable polyurethane thermosets in textiles. 48,49 For instance, Spandex is a thermoset polyurethane material that is widely used in fabrics to gain elasticity, but its crosslinked structures inevitably prevent textile recycling. 50,51 Recently, a TPU namely Elastollan TM (by BASF) has been spun into fibres with tuneable mechanical properties, which can be potentially a recyclable substitute for Spandex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and melt-spinning of partly bio-based thermoplastic poly(cycloacetal-urethane)s toward sustainable textiles

et al. 2021

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Thermoplastic polyurethane composites reinforced with renewable and sustainable fillers – a review

Cited by 45 publications

References 95 publications

Investigating Physio-Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Polyurethane and Thermoplastics Nanocomposite in Various Applications

Investigating Physio-Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Polyurethane and Thermoplastics Nanocomposite in Various Applications

Mono‐filler and bi‐filler composites based on thermoplastic polyurethane, carbon fibers and carbon nanotubes with improved physicomechanical and engineering properties

Synthesis and melt-spinning of partly bio-based thermoplastic poly(cycloacetal-urethane)s toward sustainable textiles

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