Thermoplastic starch biocomposites with cellulose and bentonite fillers

Sheng, Lai Di; Adnan, Sinar Arzuria; Osman, Azlin Fazlina; Salimi, M. N.; Ibrahim, I.; Haq, Nazrul

doi:10.1063/5.0044613

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…For fertilizer application, present of Si will affect plant positively. This is due to increased number of silica bodies acts as a defensive barrier protecting against bacterial and fungal attacks [12,13]. Hence, numerous studies have demonstrated that Si benefits plant growth and development, especially under biotic stress conditions [14,15,16].…”

Section: Characterization Of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Fine Fibre ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reusability of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) Waste with Tapioca Starch for Polymer-Based Agriculture Application: A Preliminary Study

Rassman,

Basha,

Mohamed

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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The existence of oil palm wastes has caused a significant disposal challenge, and it contains high fibre that is hard to disintegrate. Empty fruit bunches (EFB) contributes approximately 24 weights (wt.) % of solid waste in oil palm industries and has a high cellulose content. This study aims to find the best combination ratio of EFB fine fibre (EFBF) and tapioca starch for polymer production (EFBT) and its characterisation. The oil palm EFB waste was collected from Southern Malay Palm Oil Mill at Simpang Renggam, Johor, and shredded using an industrial fibre grinder. The EFBF and tapioca starch (TS) was combined using water and microwave heating according to the ratio generated using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), and the end homogenous pellet obtained was then analysed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) while the raw EFB fine fibre was analysed using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy - Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (FESEM-EDS). SEM analysis shows that the increasing homogenous interaction with less void was represented by respective EFBF to TS ratios 1:9, 1:5, 5:9, 5:5, 9:5, 5:1 and 9:1. The highest water contact angle recorded was 88.53° using ratio 1:9 followed by 40.35° using ratio 1:5, and no water contact angle obtained for 9:5, 5:5, 5:1, 5:9 and 9:1 ratios. The fastest rate of disintegration was recorded by 5:1 with 2712.000 g/day, while the slowest rate of disintegration was recorded by 9:1 with 1.206 g/day. The ANOVA analysis for water contact angle was significant as the p-values were <0.05, while for disintegration rate was not significant as the p-value was >0.05. However, although both models are unable to project optimised values for further testing, this study did provide a baseline for range selection for future study using RSM for optimisation of EFBF and TS.

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Section: Characterization Of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Fine Fibre ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reusability of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) Waste with Tapioca Starch for Polymer-Based Agriculture Application: A Preliminary Study

Rassman,

Basha,

Mohamed

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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“…Among alternatives to PS, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH), , thermoplastic starch (TPS), , and PLA , are popular. In particular, PLA has developed as an important biopolymer for medical applications due to its better biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical properties and easy processability.…”

Section: Alternative Bioplastics For Medical Plasticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Alternatives to Nondegradable Medical Plastics

Jiang,

Satoh,

Tung

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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In light of the global climate crisis and commitments toward net-zero carbon emissions, this Perspective evaluates the current status of developments in recycling methods and bioplastics to identify long-term sustainable alternatives. The recycling and product application of major medical plastics, including poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS), are discussed, and their circular potential is evaluated. Researchers are actively investigating bioplastics to solve present concerns and curb the global increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from petroleum-based plastics. Current recycling methods for PE and PP can be scaled up, and bioversions of plastics, such as bio-PE and bio-PP, can be used as a long-term sustainable solutions to realize their circular potential. As an alternative to PVC and PS, materials with inefficient recycling methods, recent promising bioplastics such as polyurethane (PU) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) have a competitive performance. Our Perspective recognizes the need for further research on issues such as integrated recycling processes and the possibility of commercializing bioplastics.

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“…The world is emphasizing the consumption of green energy and material for sustainability, thus biopolymers such as starch, polylactic acid, chitosan, and others are intensively developed to become the next potential material to replace the conventional plastics [1]. Starch-based biopolymers are highly attractive due to their high abundance on the earth, being environmentally friendly, and having the same process-structure property as fossilfuel plastic, which makes them viable as packaging materials [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has the vast potential to develop into packaging material. Many research papers studied the effect of hybrid filler on the TPS films but mainly focused on the mechanical strength, structure, and humidity properties [1,23,24]. There is still a lack of studies and reports on the relationship between hybrid fillers on the retrogradation rate of TPS films due to time-consuming data collection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective Aging Inhibition of the Thermoplastic Corn Starch Films through the Use of Green Hybrid Filler

et al. 2022

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Recently, hybrid fillers have been widely used to improve the properties of biopolymers. The synergistic effects of the hybrid fillers can have a positive impact on biopolymers, including thermoplastic corn starch film (TPCS). In this communication, we highlight the effectiveness of hybrid fillers in inhibiting the aging process of TPCS. The TPCS, thermoplastic corn starch composite films (TPCS-C), and hybrid thermoplastic corn starch composite film (TPCS-HC) were stored for 3 months to study the effect of hybrid filler on the starch retrogradation. TPCS-C and TPCS-HC were prepared by casting method with 5 wt% of fillers: nanocellulose (NC) and bentonite (BT). The alteration of the mechanical properties, aging behavior, and crystalline structure of the films were analyzed through the tensile test, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and water absorption analysis. The obtained data were correlated to each other to analyze the retrogradation of the TPCS, which is the main factor that contributes to the aging process of the biopolymer. Results signify that incorporating the hybrid filler (NC + BT) in the TPCS/4BT1NC films has effectively prevented retrogradation of the starch molecules after being stored for 3 months. On the contrary, the virgin TPCS film showed the highest degree of retrogradation resulting in a significant decrement in the film’s flexibility. These findings proved the capability of the green hybrid filler in inhibiting the aging of the TPCS.

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Thermoplastic starch biocomposites with cellulose and bentonite fillers

Cited by 3 publications

References 30 publications

Reusability of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) Waste with Tapioca Starch for Polymer-Based Agriculture Application: A Preliminary Study

Reusability of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) Waste with Tapioca Starch for Polymer-Based Agriculture Application: A Preliminary Study

Sustainable Alternatives to Nondegradable Medical Plastics

Effective Aging Inhibition of the Thermoplastic Corn Starch Films through the Use of Green Hybrid Filler

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