Thermoplastic Starch

Tomka, I.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-0664-9_34

Cited by 59 publications

(36 citation statements)

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“…Native starch is not a true thermoplastic but it can be converted into a plastic-like material called thermoplastic starch (TPS) 189 . In the presence of plasticizers at high temperature (90 °C -180 °C) and under shear, starch readily melts and flows, allowing for its use as an injection, extrusion or blow molding material similar to most conventional synthetic thermoplastic polymers.…”

Section: Starch-based Nano-compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environment Friendly Composite Materials: Biocomposites and Green Composites

Mitra

2014

DSJ

166

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IntroductIonDevelopment of advanced polymer composite materials having superior mechanical properties opened up new horizons in the engineering field. Advantages such as corrosion resistance, electrical insulation, easy processability at relatively less energy requirement in tooling and assembly costs, higher stiffness and strength, fatigue resistance and lower weight than metals have made polymer composite widely acceptable in structural applications. The so-called advanced composites have replaced metals because of their excellent mechanical properties and low density giving them high specific strength and stiffness 1 . Such weight savings are highly desirable for applications in aerospace to transportation to reduce weight and associated fuel consumption. Another distinct advantage is their ability to be engineered to obtain required properties in different directions by appropriate fiber placing in different layers of the laminated structure.Composite properties depend on the properties of the constituent materials i.e. the fibers and resins used. The strength and stiffness of the composites are directly a function of the reinforcing fiber properties which carry most of the load and their volume content. The resin helps to maintain the relative position of the fibers within the composite and, more importantly, transfers the load from the bottom fibers to the intact fibers. As a result, fiber/resin interfacial properties are also important and have a significant effect on composite properties including toughness and transverse fracture stress. To fabricate high strength composites, all three factors namely fiber properties, resin properties as well as fiber/resin interface characteristics are critical.Currently most of the fibers and resins are derived from petroleum feed stocks and do not degrade for several decades under normal environmental conditions 2 . Composites made from thermosetting resins cannot be reprocessed or recycled, however, a small fraction of these thermosetting composites are crushed into powder used as filler or incinerated to obtain energy in the form of heat, most of them end up in land-fills at the end of their life. In anaerobic conditions, such as those in land -fills, the petroleum based composites may not degrade making that land unavailable for any other use. On the other hand, incineration produces toxic gases and requires expensive scrubbers. Both incineration and dumping in land-fills are environmentally undesirable as well as expensive. In the future, these methods of disposing of composites are expected to get even more expensive as the pollution laws all over the world get stricter and the number of land -fills decline. In addition, at the present rate of consumption, the world petroleum resources are estimated to last for the next 50 years or so 2 . Thus, there is a great interest generated in developing green composites using fully sustainable, biodegradable, environment friendly and annually renewable fibers and resins, particularly those derived from plants 3 . A variet...

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Section: Starch-based Nano-compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environment Friendly Composite Materials: Biocomposites and Green Composites

Mitra

2014

DSJ

166

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“…The films are excellent oxygen 3 and grease barriers 4 , whereas water vapor permeability (WVP) is high because of the hydrophilic nature of starch. Pure starch films are often brittle and their mechanical properties are poor compared to synthetic films used in packaging today.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of film forming and hydrophobic properties of starches on surface sized packaging paper

2007

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The effect on mechanical and barrier properties upon addition of glycerol to temperature-responsive hydrophobically modified (HM) potato starch was studied on free films. The addition of glycerol lowered the glass transition temperature, the storage modulus, and the water vapor permeability (WVP) for the HM starch films. The HM starch phase separates upon cooling below an upper critical temperature into a solid and a liquid phase. Adding glycerol to the warm starch solution had an inhibiting effect on the particulate precipitation. Substrates surface sized with HM starch with various amounts of glycerol were investigated with respect to barrier properties; WVP, contact angle and Cobb values. Hydroxypropylated starch was used as a reference. Cobb values and WVP results on surface-sized substrates indicated that the film formation properties of the starches were of great importance for the final surface properties. Good film formation properties were essential for the gas barrier and water resistance while they were less important for high contact angles. The WVP decreased as the glycerol content of the sizes increased, but no sufficient water vapor barrier could be obtained. The HM starches investigated in this work provided good oxygen barrier and the contact angles indicated a hydrophobic character of the surface. The role of the precipitate was investigated, and surface sizing with the precipitate gave low WVP and high contact angles despite its poor film-forming properties under the experimental conditions. Cobb 60 values were slightly improved for HM starch with increasing glycerol content over glycerol-free sizing.

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“…Starchbased materials are low-cost biopolymers and are obtained from renewable agricultural resources. Several authors 4,5 have shown the possibility to transform native starch into thermoplastic materials under destructuring and plasticization conditions. Thermoplastic starch (TPS) is processed like synthetic plastics by extrusion and injection molding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[2][3][4][5][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] Research groups [2][3][4][5]12 have developed blends with synthetic polymers such as polyethylene, leading to nonfully biodegradable materials. Some starch-based blends have been commercialized, such as Mater-Bi 13 (Novamont-Italy) or Bioplast 14 (Biotec-Germany).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,5,9,27,28 Under shearing and thermopressure conditions, water and glycerol act as a good destructuring-plasticizer agent. Several papers 4,28,29 have been published on the effect of plasticizer on the glass transition of TPS. It is possible to adjust the properties of TPS, from a soft material (high plasticizer level) to a brittle material (low plasticizer level) according to moisture and glycerol contents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blends of thermoplastic starch and polyesteramide: processing and properties

Avérous¹,

Fauconnier²,

Moro³

et al. 2000

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

147

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ABSTRACT:The blending of thermoplastic starch (TPS) with other biodegradable polyesters such as polyesteramide could be an interesting way to produce new biodegradable starch-based materials. Different mixes of wheat starch and polyesteramide (BAK) were melt blended by extrusion. After pelletization, granules were injection molded to produce test specimens. A range of blends was studied with glycerol (plasticizer)/starch content ratios varying from 0.14 to 0.54. BAK concentrations were up to 40 wt %, TPS remaining as the major phase in the blend. Various properties were examined with mechanical, thermomechanical (dynamic mechanical thermal analyzer) and thermal (differential scanning calorimetry) analysis. Hydrophobicity was determined with contact angle measurements. Thanks to the knowledge of the properties of each polymeric system, we analyzed the blends' behavior by varying each component concentration. The material aging was also studied. We showed that structural changes occurred during several weeks after injection. We noticed a certain compatibility between both polymeric systems. The addition of BAK to TPS matrix allowed us to overcome the weaknesses of pure thermoplastic starch: low mechanical properties, high moisture sensitivity, and high shrinkage in injection, even at 10 wt % BAK.

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Thermoplastic Starch

Cited by 59 publications

References 1 publication

Environment Friendly Composite Materials: Biocomposites and Green Composites

Environment Friendly Composite Materials: Biocomposites and Green Composites

Effects of film forming and hydrophobic properties of starches on surface sized packaging paper

Blends of thermoplastic starch and polyesteramide: processing and properties

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